Baryogenesis from cosmic strings at the electroweak scale

Indranil Dasgupta

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.3318

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Baryogenesis from cosmic strings at the electroweak scale

Indranil Dasgupta

Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

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Phys. Rev. D 55, 3318 – Published 15 March, 1997

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.3318

Abstract

We explore the viability of baryogenesis from light scalar decays after the electroweak phase transition. A minimal model of this kind is constructed with new $CP$ -violating interactions involving a heavy fourth family. The departure from thermal equilibrium must come from topological defects such as cosmic strings, and we show that almost any mechanism for producing the cosmic strings at the electroweak scale results in a viable theory. Baryogenesis occurs in the fourth generation but the baryon number is later transported to the visible generations. This mechanism of indirect baryogenesis allows us to satisfy experimental limits on the proton lifetime while still having perturbative baryon number violation at low energies. The fourth family has very small mixing angles which opens the possibility of distinct observable signatures in collider experiments.

References (28)

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[c1] E. W. Kolb and M. S. Turner, The Early Universe (Addison- Wesley, New York, 1990).

[c2] A. D. Sakharov, JETP Lett.5, 24 (1967).

[c3] D. V. Nanopoulos and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D20, 2484 (1979); S. Weinberg, 22, 1694 (1980).

[c4] S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett.42, 850 (1979); D. Toussaint, S. Treiman, F. Wilczek, and A. Zee, Phys. Rev. D19, 1036 (1979).

[c5] V. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Rubakov, and M. E. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett.155B, 36 (1985); P. Arnold and L. McLerran, Phys. Rev. D36, 581 (1987); 37, 1020 (1988).

[c6] G. ’t Hooft, Phys. Rev. Lett.37, 8 (1976); Phys. Rev. D14, 3432 (1976).

[c7] A. G. Cohen, D. B. Kaplan, and A. E. Nelson, Phys. Lett. B245, 561 (1990); Nucl. Phys.B349, 727 (1991); Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.43, 27 (1993).

[c8] D. B. Kaplan, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Physics beyond Standard Model, Lake Tahoe, CA, 1994 (unpublished).

[c9] R. H. Brandenberger, A. C. Davis, and M. Trodden, Phys. Lett. B335, 123 (1994).

[c10] M. Barriola, Phys. Rev. D51, 300 (1995).

[c11] Y. Nambu, Nucl. Phys.B130, 505 (1977); T. Vachaspati, Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 1977 (1992); M. B. Einhorn and A. Savit, Phys. Lett.77B, 295 (1978); N. S. Manton, Phys. Rev. D28, 2019 (1983).

[c12] S. Dimopoulos and L. J. Hall, Phys. Lett. B196, 135 (1987); I. Affleck and M. Dine, Nucl. Phys.B249, 361 (1985).

[c13] M. Claudson, L. J. Hall, and I. Hinchliffe, Nucl. Phys.B241, 309 (1984).

[c14] K. Lane and E. Eichten, Phys. Lett. B352, 382 (1995); C. T. Hill, 266, 419 (1991); S. P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D45, 4283 (1992); M. Lindner and D. Ross, Nucl. Phys.B370, 30 (1991).

[c15] T. Prokopec, R. Brandenberger, and A. C. Davis, Report No. BROWN-HET-1029, CLNS 95/1383, DAMTP 95-73, hep-ph/9601327 (unpublished).

[c16] H. S. Hou and R. G. Stuart, Phys. Rev. Lett.62, 617 (1989).

[c17] D0 Collaboration, Report No. D0NOTE 3024 (unpublished).

[c18] D0 Collaboration, in the XVII International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP 95), Beijing, China, 1995 (unpublished).

[c19] P. Frampton and T. Kephart, Phys. Rev. Lett.66, 1666 (1991); Phys. Rev. D47, 3655 (1993).

[c20] D. Suematsu and Y. Yamagishi, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A10, 4521 (1995).

[c21] M. Trodden, A. Davis, and R. Brandenberger, Phys. Lett. B349, 131 (1995).

[c22] R. Brandenberger, A. Davis, and M. Hindmarsh, Phys. Lett. B263, 239 (1991); M. Kawasaki and K. Maeda, 209, 271 (1988).

[c23] T. Vachaspati and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. D30, 2036 (1984).

[c24] P. Bhattacharjee, T. W. B. Kibble, and N. Turok, Phys. Lett.119B, 95 (1982).

[c25] A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. Lett.46, 1169 (1981); 46, 1496(E) (1981); T. Vachaspati and A. Vilenkin, Phys. Rev. D31, 3052 (1985); N. Turok, Nucl. Phys.B242, 520 (1984); T. W. B. Kibble and N. Turok, Phys. Lett.116B, 141 (1982).

[c26] R. Brandenberger, Nucl. Phys.B293, 812 (1981); P. Bhattacharjee, Phys. Rev. D40, 3968 (1989); R. Brandenberger, A. Sornborger, and M. Trodden, 48, 940 (1993).

[c27] E. W. Kolb and S. Wolfram, Nucl. Phys.B172, 224 (1980); J. N. Fry, K. A. Olive, and M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D22, 2953 (1980).

[c28] E. P. S. Shellard, Nucl. Phys.B283, 624 (1987); P. W. Higgs, Phys. Lett. 1, 132 (1964).

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