Frequency Dependence of the Speed of Light in Space

Z. Bay; J. A. White

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.5.796

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Frequency Dependence of the Speed of Light in Space

Z. Bay and J. A. White^*

National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234

^*Permanent address: Department of Physics, The American University, Washington, D. C. 20016.

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Phys. Rev. D 5, 796 – Published 15 February, 1972

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.5.796

Abstract

To characterize the possible dispersion of the velocity of light in space (vacuum) a Cauchy-type formula, $n^{2} = 1 + \frac{A}{ν^{2}} + B ν^{2}$ , is used. It is shown that relativity only allows a nonzero $A$ term, independent of the nature of the waves or a quantization thereof. Recent experimental data provide upper bounds for $A$ and $B$ , limiting thereby the dispersion in the microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum to less than one part in $10^{20}$ .

References (20)

Omitted endnote
B. Warner and R. Edward Nather, Nature 222, 157 (1969)
S. Rappaport, H. Bradt, and W. Mayer, Nature Physical Science 229, 40 (1971)
E. K. Conklin, H. T. Howard, J. S. Miller, and E. J. Wampler, Nature 222, 552 (1969)
G. Feinberg, Science 166, 879 (1969)
B. Lovell, F. L. Whipple, and L. H. Solomon, Nature 202, 377 (1964)
B. C. Brown, Nature 224, 1189 (1969)
M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1959), p. 94
Manuel Cordona, in Optical Properties of Solids, edited by S. Nudelman and S. S. Mitra (Plenum, New York, 1969), Chap. 6, p. 142 J. S. Toll, Phys. Rev. 104, 1760 (1956)
M. A. Gintsburg, Astron. Zh. 40, 703 (1963) [Soviet Astron.-AJ 7, 536 (1964)] A. S. Goldhaber and M. M. Nieto, Rev. Mod. Phys. 43, 277 (1971)
D. I. Blokhintsev, Phys. Letters 12, 272 (1964)
T. G. Pavlopoulos, Phys. Rev. 159, 1106 (1967)
T. Alväger, J. M. Bailey, F. J. M. Farley, J. Kjellman, and I. Wallin, Arkiv Fysik 31, 145 (1966)
E. Schrödinger, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. A49, 135 (1943)
L. Bass and E. Schrödinger, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A232, 1 (1955)
I. Yu. Kobzarev and L. B. Okun, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 95, 131 (1968) [Soviet Phys. Usp. 11, 338 (1968)]
A. S. Goldhaber and M. M. Nieto, Phys. Rev. Letters 21, 567 (1968)
E. Williams and D. Park, Phys. Rev. Letters 26, 1651 (1971)
Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants, edited by D. N. Langenberg and B. N. Taylor, NBS Special Publication 343 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D. C., 1971) Z. Bay, p. 59 Z. Bay and G. G. Luther, p. 63 K. M. Evenson, J. S. Wells, and L. M. Matarrese, p. 67
Z. Bay, paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants, Teddington, England, 1971 (to be published)

[c1] Omitted endnote

[c2] B. Warner and R. Edward Nather, Nature 222, 157 (1969)

[c3] S. Rappaport, H. Bradt, and W. Mayer, Nature Physical Science 229, 40 (1971)

[c4] E. K. Conklin, H. T. Howard, J. S. Miller, and E. J. Wampler, Nature 222, 552 (1969)

[c5] G. Feinberg, Science 166, 879 (1969)

[c6] B. Lovell, F. L. Whipple, and L. H. Solomon, Nature 202, 377 (1964)

[c7] B. C. Brown, Nature 224, 1189 (1969)

[c8] M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1959), p. 94

[c9] Manuel Cordona, in Optical Properties of Solids, edited by S. Nudelman and S. S. Mitra (Plenum, New York, 1969), Chap. 6, p. 142 J. S. Toll, Phys. Rev. 104, 1760 (1956)

[c10] M. A. Gintsburg, Astron. Zh. 40, 703 (1963) [Soviet Astron.-AJ 7, 536 (1964)] A. S. Goldhaber and M. M. Nieto, Rev. Mod. Phys. 43, 277 (1971)

[c11] D. I. Blokhintsev, Phys. Letters 12, 272 (1964)

[c12] T. G. Pavlopoulos, Phys. Rev. 159, 1106 (1967)

[c13] T. Alväger, J. M. Bailey, F. J. M. Farley, J. Kjellman, and I. Wallin, Arkiv Fysik 31, 145 (1966)

[c14] E. Schrödinger, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. A49, 135 (1943)

[c15] L. Bass and E. Schrödinger, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A232, 1 (1955)

[c16] I. Yu. Kobzarev and L. B. Okun, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 95, 131 (1968) [Soviet Phys. Usp. 11, 338 (1968)]

[c17] A. S. Goldhaber and M. M. Nieto, Phys. Rev. Letters 21, 567 (1968)

[c18] E. Williams and D. Park, Phys. Rev. Letters 26, 1651 (1971)

[c19] Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants, edited by D. N. Langenberg and B. N. Taylor, NBS Special Publication 343 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D. C., 1971) Z. Bay, p. 59 Z. Bay and G. G. Luther, p. 63 K. M. Evenson, J. S. Wells, and L. M. Matarrese, p. 67

[c20] Z. Bay, paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants, Teddington, England, 1971 (to be published)

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Frequency Dependence of the Speed of Light in Space

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