Propagation of Muons Underground and the Primary Cosmic-Ray Spectrum Below 40 TeV

Keran O'Brien

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.5.597

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Propagation of Muons Underground and the Primary Cosmic-Ray Spectrum Below 40 TeV

Keran O'Brien

Health and Safety Laboratory, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York 10014

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Phys. Rev. D 5, 597 – Published 1 February, 1972

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.5.597

Abstract

The vertical muon attenuation curve deep underground has been analyzed through the medium of a nucleonic cascade model, to yield a primary cosmic-ray nucleon spectrum in the energy region below 40 TeV. Calculations of the angular distribution of muons underground reproduce the Utah experimental results within about 20% without the need to postulate the $X$ process. At these energies it is concluded that the hadron absorption cross section is, to good approximation, constant and geometric, and that the partial inelasticities are also constant.

References (34)

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K. O'Brien, Nucl. Instr. Methods 72, 93 (1969)
T. W. Armstrong and R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report No. ORNL-RSIC-25, ANS-SD-9, 1970 (unpublished)
K. O'Brien, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4357 (1970)
K. O'Brien, Nuovo Cimento 3A, 521 (1971)
H. Meyer, M. W. Teucher, and E. Lohrmann, Nuovo Cimento 28, 1399 (1963)
T. W. Armstrong and R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., Nucl. Instr. Methods 82, 289 (1970)
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[5]
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[c1] P. Király and A. W. Wolfendale, Phys. Letters 32B, 510 (1970)

[c2] K. O'Brien, Nucl. Instr. Methods 72, 93 (1969)

[c3] T. W. Armstrong and R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report No. ORNL-RSIC-25, ANS-SD-9, 1970 (unpublished)

[c4] K. O'Brien, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4357 (1970)

[c5] K. O'Brien, Nuovo Cimento 3A, 521 (1971)

[c6] H. Meyer, M. W. Teucher, and E. Lohrmann, Nuovo Cimento 28, 1399 (1963)

[c7] T. W. Armstrong and R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., Nucl. Instr. Methods 82, 289 (1970)

[c8] A. D. Erlykin, Acad. Sci. USSR, Physical Series 29, 1055-2136 (1965)

[c9] S. R. Kel'ner and Yu. D. Kotov, Yadern. Fiz. 9, 1210 (1969) [Soviet J. Nucl. Phys. 9, 708 (1969)]

[c10] B. S. Meyer, J. P. F. Sellschop, M. F. Crouch, W. R. Kropp, H. W. Sobel, H. S. Gurr, J. Lathrop, and F. Reines, Phys. Rev. D 1, 2229 (1970)

[c11] R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., F. S. Alsmiller, and J. E. Murphy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Report No. ORNL-3289, 1963 (unpublished)

[c12] K. Kobayakawa, Can. J. Phys. 46, S395 (1968)

[c13] B. Peters, in Handbook of Physics, edited by E. U. Condon and H. Odishaw (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958), p. 9-207

[c14] J. L. Osborne, A. W. Wolfendale, and N. S. Palmer, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 84, 911 (1964)

[c15] C. Castagnoli, A. DeMarco, A. Longhetto, and P. Penengo, Nuovo Cimento 35, 969 (1965)

[c16] C. V. Achar, V. S. Narasimhan, P. V. Ramana Murthy, D. R. Creed, J. L. Osborne, and A. W. Wolfendale, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 86, 1305 (1965)

[c17] S. Miyake, V. S. Narasimhan, and P. V. Ramana Murthy, Nuovo Cimento 32, 1505 (1964)

[c18] M. G. K. Menon, S. Naranan, V. S. Narasimhan, K. Hinotani, N. Ito, S. Miyake, D. R. Creed, J. L. Osborne, and A. W. Wolfendale, Can. J. Phys. 46, S344 (1968)

[c19] P. H. Barrett, L. M. Bollinger, G. Cocconi, Y. Eisenberg, and K. Greisen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 24, 133 (1952)

[c20] L. M. Bollinger, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, 1951 (unpublished) ([19])

[c21] M. O. Larson, Ph.D. thesis, University of Utah, 1968 (unpublished)

[c22] [5]

[c23] M. F. Kaplon, D. M. Ritson, and E. P. Woodruff, Phys. Rev. 85, 933 (1952)

[c24] J. Linsley, Phys. Rev. 86, 1050 (1952)

[c25] D. Lal, Proc. Indian Aca. Sci. A38, 93 (1953)

[c26] C. B. A. McCusker and L. S. Peak, Nuovo Cimento 31, 525 (1964)

[c27] M. La Pointe, K. Kamata, J. Gaebler, I. Escobar, V. Domingo, K. Suga, K. Murakami, Y. Toyada, and S. Shibata, Can. J. Phys. 46, S68 (1968)

[c28] G. T. Zatsepin, S. I. Nikolsky, and G. B. Khristiansen, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Cosmic Rays, Jaipur, India, 1963 edited by R. R. Daniel (Commercial Printing Press, Bombay, India, 1964-1965), Vol. 4, p. 100

[c29] K. Pinkau, U. Pollvogt, W. K. H. Schmidt, and R. W. Huggett, in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Cosmic Rays, Budapest, 1969, edited by P. Gombás, Acta. Phys. Acad. Sci. Hung. Suppl. 1, 291 (1970)

[c30] N. L. Grigorov, V. E. Nestorov, I. D. Rapoport, I. A. Savenko, and G. A. Skuridin, Yadern. Fiz. 11, 1058 (1970) [Soviet J. Nucl. Phys. 11, 588 (1970)]

[c31] G. Brooke, P. S. Hayman, Y. Kamiya, and A. W. Wolfendale, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 83, 853 (1964)

[c32] H. E. Bergeson, J. W. Keuffel, M. O. Larson, E. R. Martin, and G. W. Mason, Phys. Rev. Letters 19, 1487 (1967)

[c33] H. E. Bergeson, J. W. Keuffel, M. O. Larson, G. W. Mason, and J. L. Osborne, Phys. Rev. Letters 21, 1089 (1968)

[c34] H. E. Bergeson, G. O. Bolingbroke, D. E. Groom, J. W. Keuffel, and J. L. Osborne, report, 1970 (unpublished)

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Propagation of Muons Underground and the Primary Cosmic-Ray Spectrum Below 40 TeV

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