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Search for free quarks produced at 800 GeV/c using a new concentration technique

H. S. Matis and H. G. Pugh

R. W. Bland, D. H. Calloway, S. Dickson, C. L. Hodges, D. Joyce, M. A. Lindgren, T. L. Palmer, M. L. Savage, and A. B. Steiner

A. A. Hahn and G. L. Shaw

R. Tokarek

R. Slansky

  • Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720

  • Physics and Astronomy Department, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132

  • Physics Department, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92717

  • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510

  • Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

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Phys. Rev. D 39, 1851 – Published 1 April, 1989

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.39.1851

Abstract

A high-sensitivity experiment was performed to detect free quarks produced in collisions of 800-GeV/c protons with a heavy target at Fermilab. Two quite different, high-concentration methods were used to obtain a small drop of Hg containing any produced quarks which stopped in a large amount of material. Using a new technique, secondaries were stopped in Hg tanks and the Hg was then distilled to small drops. In a second method, secondaries were stopped in liquid-nitrogen tanks, and charged atoms were collected electrostatically on Au-coated electrodes. The Au coatings were dissolved in Hg. The Hg drops from both techniques were then tested for quarks in the San Francisco State University automated Millikan apparatus. These results show that charged (1/3 quarks are produced below levels of 1.2×10−10 at 90% C.L. for both methods. Upper limits are also presented for charged (2/3 quarks. The distillation technique should prove useful in performing high-sensitivity quark searches in future beam-dump experiments.

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Phys. Rev. D 39, 1851– Published 1 April, 1989
  • Received 1 September 1988

© 1989 American Physical Society

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