How much strangeness production is there in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?

J. Kapusta; A. Mekjian

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.33.1304

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How much strangeness production is there in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?

J. Kapusta

A. Mekjian

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

Physics Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 00854

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Phys. Rev. D 33, 1304 – Published 1 March, 1986

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.33.1304

Abstract

Strangeness production has been proposed as a signal for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. We address this problem in the framework of Bjorken’s model for the longitudinal hydrodynamic expansion of baryon-free matter. Different scenarios are considered for the assumed first-order phase transition from QCD plasma into hadrons, including a slow transition via the Maxwell construction of coexisting phases, and a rapid transition from supercooling followed by reheating. The rate equations for strange-quark and kaon abundances are solved numerically. With the most likely set of parameters, the $K^{-}$ / $π^{-}$ ratio is about three times larger than in p¯p collisions at the same energy. This results primarily from the large rate constant in the hadron phase and from the long time spent in this phase. Thus, the $K^{-}$ / $π^{-}$ ratio may not be a direct signal for the formation of quark-gluon plasma; however, it may be an indirect signal, since the system would not live nearly as long if the quark-gluon plasma had not been formed initially.

References (17)

For example, see J. Rafelski, Phys. Rep. 88, 331 (1982); Nucl. Phys. A 418, 215c (1984).
J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler, Phys. Rep. 87, 77 (1982).
J. Kapusta, in Multiparticle Dynamics 1984, proceedings of the XV International Symposium, Lund, Sweden, edited by G. Gustafson and C. Peterson (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984).
R. Hagedorn, in Carge`se Lectures in Physics, edited by E. Schatzmann (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1973), Vol. 6.
J. I. Kapusta, Phys. Lett. 143 B, 233 (1984).
L. Laudau, Proc. Acad. Sci. (USSR) Phys. Ser. 17, 51 (1953).
J. D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D 27, 140 (1983)
L. P. Csernai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 639 (1985).
K. Kajantie, Nucl. Phys. A 418, 41c (1984).
Transverse expansion does not significantly alter the cooling rate. This issue has been studied by G. Baym, B. L. Friman, J.-P. Blaizot, M. Soyeur and W. Czyz, Nucl. Phys. A 407, 541 (1983), in the context of a transverse perturbation on Bjorken's longitudinal scaling solution. Spherical expansion of a hot plasma ball has been studied by S. Pratt, University of Minnesota, Ph.D. thesis, 1985; Phys. Rev. D 33, 1314 (1986).
B. Muüller and J. Rafelski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1066 (1982).
T. S. Biro and J. Zimanyi, Nucl. Phys. A 395, 525 (1983).
B. L. Combridge, Nucl. Phys. B 151, 429 (1979).
A. Z. Mekjian, Nucl. Phys. A 384, 492 (1982); T. R. Halemane and A. Z. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. C 25, 2398 (1982).
G. Grayer et al., π "-" pi Scattering—1973, proceedings of the International Conference, Tallahassee, edited by P. K. Williams and V. Hagopian (AIP Conf. Proc. No. 13) (AIP, New York, 1973), p. 117. See also J. L. Peterson, CERN Report No. 77-04, 1977 (unpublished), based on lectures given in the Academic Training Program of CERN, 1975–1976.
R. P. Hamilton, T. P. Pun, R. D. Tripp, D. M. Lazarus and H. Nicholson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1182 (1980), and Refs. 2 and 4 contained therein.
K. Apgård et al., Phys. Lett. 115 B, 65 (1982), and references therein.

[c1] For example, see J. Rafelski, Phys. Rep. 88, 331 (1982); Nucl. Phys. A 418, 215c (1984).

[c2] J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler, Phys. Rep. 87, 77 (1982).

[c3] J. Kapusta, in Multiparticle Dynamics 1984, proceedings of the XV International Symposium, Lund, Sweden, edited by G. Gustafson and C. Peterson (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984).

[c4] R. Hagedorn, in Carge`se Lectures in Physics, edited by E. Schatzmann (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1973), Vol. 6.

[c5] J. I. Kapusta, Phys. Lett. 143 B, 233 (1984).

[c6] L. Laudau, Proc. Acad. Sci. (USSR) Phys. Ser. 17, 51 (1953).

[c7] J. D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D 27, 140 (1983)

[c8] L. P. Csernai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 639 (1985).

[c9] K. Kajantie, Nucl. Phys. A 418, 41c (1984).

[c10] Transverse expansion does not significantly alter the cooling rate. This issue has been studied by G. Baym, B. L. Friman, J.-P. Blaizot, M. Soyeur and W. Czyz, Nucl. Phys. A 407, 541 (1983), in the context of a transverse perturbation on Bjorken's longitudinal scaling solution. Spherical expansion of a hot plasma ball has been studied by S. Pratt, University of Minnesota, Ph.D. thesis, 1985; Phys. Rev. D 33, 1314 (1986).

[c11] B. Muüller and J. Rafelski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1066 (1982).

[c12] T. S. Biro and J. Zimanyi, Nucl. Phys. A 395, 525 (1983).

[c13] B. L. Combridge, Nucl. Phys. B 151, 429 (1979).

[c14] A. Z. Mekjian, Nucl. Phys. A 384, 492 (1982); T. R. Halemane and A. Z. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. C 25, 2398 (1982).

[c15] G. Grayer et al., π "-" pi Scattering—1973, proceedings of the International Conference, Tallahassee, edited by P. K. Williams and V. Hagopian (AIP Conf. Proc. No. 13) (AIP, New York, 1973), p. 117. See also J. L. Peterson, CERN Report No. 77-04, 1977 (unpublished), based on lectures given in the Academic Training Program of CERN, 1975–1976.

[c16] R. P. Hamilton, T. P. Pun, R. D. Tripp, D. M. Lazarus and H. Nicholson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1182 (1980), and Refs. 2 and 4 contained therein.

[c17] K. Apgård et al., Phys. Lett. 115 B, 65 (1982), and references therein.

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How much strangeness production is there in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?

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