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Search for inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering with the PICO-60 CF3I and C3F8 bubble chambers

E. Adams1, B. Ali2, I. J. Arnquist3, D. Baxter4, E. Behnke5, M. Bressler6, B. Broerman1, C. J. Chen7, K. Clark1 et al. (PICO Collaboration)

K. Clark1, J. I. Collar8, P. S. Cooper4, C. Cripe5, M. Crisler4, C. E. Dahl7,4, M. Das9, S. Fallows10, J. Farine11,12,13, R. Filgas2, A. García-Viltres14,*, G. Giroux1, O. Harris15, T. Hillier11, E. W. Hoppe3, C. M. Jackson3, M. Jin7, C. B. Krauss10, V. Kumar9, M. Laurin16, I. Lawson11,12, A. Leblanc11, H. Leng17, I. Levine5, C. Licciardi11,12,13, W. H. Lippincott4,18, P. Mitra10, V. Monette16, C. Moore1, R. Neilson6, A. J. Noble1, H. Nozard16, S. Pal10, M.-C. Piro10, A. Plante16, S. Priya17, C. Rethmeier10, A. E. Robinson16, J. Savoie16, A. Sonnenschein4, N. Starinski16, I. Štekl2, D. Tiwari16, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui19,†, U. Wichoski11,12,13, V. Zacek16, and J. Zhang7,‡ (PICO Collaboration)

  • 1Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada
  • 2Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague Cz-12800, Czech Republic
  • 3Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
  • 4Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 5Department of Physics, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634, USA
  • 6Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
  • 7Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
  • 8Enrico Fermi Institute, KICP, and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 9High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700 064, India
  • 10Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
  • 11School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
  • 12SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
  • 13Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
  • 14Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 20-364, Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico
  • 15Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois 60625, USA
  • 16Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal H2V 0B3, Canada
  • 17Materials Research Institute, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 18Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
  • 19Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 20-364, Ciudad de México 01000, México

  • *Corresponding: agarciaviltres@gmail.com
  • †Corresponding: ericvj@fisica.unam.mx
  • ‡Present address: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
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Phys. Rev. D 108, 062003 – Published 5 September, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.062003

Abstract

PICO bubble chambers have exceptional sensitivity to inelastic dark matter-nucleus interactions due to a combination of their extended nuclear-recoil energy detection window from a few keV to O(100  keV) or more and the use of iodine as a heavy target. Inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering is interesting for studying the properties of dark matter, where many theoretical scenarios have been developed. This study reports the results of a search for dark matter inelastic scattering with the PICO-60 bubble chambers. The analysis reported here comprises physics runs from PICO-60 bubble chambers using CF3I and C3F8. The CF3I run consisted of 36.8 kg of CF3I reaching an exposure of 3415  kg−day operating at thermodynamic thresholds between 7 and 20 keV. The C3F8 runs consisted of 52 kg of C3F8 reaching exposures of 1404 and 1167  kg−day running at thermodynamic thresholds of 2.45 and 3.29 keV, respectively. The analysis disfavors various scenarios, in a wide region of parameter space, that provide a feasible explanation of the signal observed by the DAMA experiment, assuming an inelastic interaction, considering that the PICO CF3I bubble chamber used iodine as the target material.

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Phys. Rev. D 108, 062003– Published 5 September, 2023
  • Received 25 January 2023
  • Revised 20 March 2023
  • Accepted 14 August 2023
Article part of CHORUS
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