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Neutron detection and application with a novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker in the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

S. Gwon1, P. Granger2, G. Yang3,4,*, S. Bolognesi2, T. Cai5, M. Danilov6, A. Delbart2, A. De Roeck7, S. Dolan7 et al.

G. Eurin2, R. F. Razakamiandra8, S. Fedotov9, G. Fiorentini Aguirre10, R. Flight5, R. Gran11, C. Ha1, C. K. Jung12, K. Y. Jung1, S. Kettell13, M. Khabibullin9, A. Khotjantsev9, M. Kordosky14, Y. Kudenko9,15,16, T. Kutter17, J. Maneira18, S. Manly5, D. A. Martinez Caicedo10, C. Mauger19, K. McFarland5, C. McGrew12, A. Mefodev9, O. Mineev9, D. Naples20, A. Olivier5, V. Paolone20, S. Prasad17, C. Riccio12, J. Rodriguez Rondon10, D. Sgalaberna21, A. Sitraka10, K. Siyeon1, N. Skrobova6, H. Su20, S. Suvorov9, A. Teklu12, M. Tzanov17, E. Valencia14, K. Wood12, E. Worcester13, and N. Yershov9

  • 1Chung-Ang University, 06974 Seoul, South Korea
  • 2IRFU, CEA Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 3University of California, Berkeley, 94720 California, USA
  • 4Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720 California, USA
  • 5University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627 New York, USA
  • 6LPI, Lebedev Physics Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
  • 7CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 01631 Geneva, Switzerland
  • 8University of Antananarivo, BP 566 Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
  • 9INR, Institute for Nuclear Research, 117312 Moscow, Russia
  • 10South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, 57701 South Dakota, USA
  • 11University of Minnesota, Duluth, 55812 Minnesota, USA
  • 12Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794 New York, USA
  • 13Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973 New York, USA
  • 14College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, 23185 Virginia, USA
  • 15Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141701 Moscow, Russia
  • 16Moscow Institute of Engineering and Physics (MEPhl), 141701 Moscow, Russia
  • 17Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana, USA
  • 18University of Lisbon, 1349 Lisbon, Portugal
  • 19University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsylvania, USA
  • 20University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260 Pennsylvania, USA
  • 21ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

  • *Corresponding author. gyang9@berkeley.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 107, 032012 – Published 27 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.032012

Abstract

Neutrino oscillation experiments require a precise measurement of the neutrino energy. However, the kinematic detection of the final-state neutron in the neutrino interaction is missing in current neutrino oscillation experiments. The missing neutron kinematic detection results in a smaller detected neutrino energy than the true neutrino energy. A novel 3D-projection scintillator tracker, which consists of roughly ten million active cubes covered with an optical reflector, is capable of measuring the neutron kinetic energy and direction on an event-by-event basis using the time-of-flight technique thanks to the fast timing, fine granularity, and high light yield. The ν¯μ interactions tend to produce neutrons in the final state. By measuring the neutron kinetic energy, the ν¯μ energy can be reconstructed better, allowing a tighter incoming neutrino flux constraint. This article shows the detector’s ability to reconstruct neutron kinetic energy and the ν¯μ flux constraint achieved by selecting the charged-current interactions without mesons or protons in the final state.

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Phys. Rev. D 107, 032012– Published 27 February, 2023
  • Received 4 December 2022
  • Accepted 8 February 2023
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