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Effects of photon field on entanglement generation in charged particles

Yuuki Sugiyama* and Akira Matsumura†

Kazuhiro Yamamoto‡

  • Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

  • Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

  • *sugiyama.yuki@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  • †matsumura.akira@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  • ‡yamamoto@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 106, 045009 – Published 9 August, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.045009

Abstract

The Bose-Marletto-Vedral experiment is a proposal for testing the quantum nature of gravity with entanglement due to Newtonian gravity. This proposal has stimulated controversy on how the entanglement due to Newtonian gravity is related to the essence of quantum gravity and the existence of gravitons. Motivated by this, we analyze the entanglement generation between two charged particles coupled to a photon field. We assume that each particle is in a superposition of two trajectories and that the photon field is initially in a coherent state. Based on covariant quantum electrodynamics, the formula for the entanglement negativity of the charged particles is derived for the first time. Adopting simple analytic trajectories of the particles, we demonstrate the entanglement between them. It is observed that the entanglement is suppressed by the decoherence due to the vacuum fluctuations of the photon field. We also find that the effect of quantum superposition of bremsstrahlung appears in the entanglement negativity formula. The similar structures between the gravity theory and electromagnetic theory suggests that a similar feature may be observed in the entanglement generation by quantum gravitational radiation.

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Phys. Rev. D 106, 045009– Published 9 August, 2022
  • Received 24 March 2022
  • Accepted 24 July 2022
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