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Observer dependence of photon bunching: The influence of the relativistic redshift on Hong-Ou-Mandel interference

Roy Barzel1, David Edward Bruschi2, Andreas W. Schell3,4, and Claus Lämmerzahl1,5,6

  • 1ZARM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
  • 2Institute for Quantum Computing Analytics (PGI-12), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
  • 3Institut for Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 4Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
  • 5DLR-Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, c/o University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
  • 6Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany

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Phys. Rev. D 105, 105016 – Published 20 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.105016

Abstract

We study the influence of the relativistic redshift on Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference and present a genuine quantum test of general relativity. We use Glauber’s theory of quantum coherence to predict the coincidence probability of realistic broadband photons in HOM experiments in a nonrelativistic setting. We extend the quantum field theoretical framework previously developed to describe the deformation of the spectral profile of single photons in curved spacetimes to a multiphoton framework, which is exact for inertial observers in a flat spacetime and an approximation when observers are located in a curved spacetime. We find that, in case of frequency entangled photons, a mutual redshift between the sender and the receiver can change the coincidence statistics from photon bunching to photon antibunching and vice versa. This implies that the (anti)symmetry of the photonic spectral wave function is an observer dependent notion and that this can be probed via HOM experiments in a relativistic setting.

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Phys. Rev. D 105, 105016– Published 20 May, 2022
  • Received 22 February 2022
  • Accepted 22 April 2022
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