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Large-scale structure with superhorizon isocurvature dark energy

Koki Yamashita1, Yue Nan2,3,*, Yuuki Sugiyama1,†, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto1,4,‡

  • 1Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
  • 2Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
  • 3Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
  • 4Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

  • *yue.nan@ipmu.jp
  • †sugiyama.yuki@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  • ‡yamamoto@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. D 105, 083531 – Published 27 April, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.083531

Abstract

The standard cosmological model assumes a homogeneous and isotropic universe as the background spacetime on large scales called the cosmological principle. However, some observations suggest the possibility of an inhomogeneous and anisotropic universe at large scales. In this paper, we investigate a model of the Universe with random inhomogeneities and anisotropies on very large scales, motivated by the supercurvature dark energy model in Nan et al. [Phys. Rev. D 99, 103512 (2019)]. In this model, the authors introduced a scalar field with O(1) inhomogeneities on a scale sufficiently larger than the current horizon scale (superhorizon scale), and the potential energy of the scalar field explains the accelerating expansion, with slight deviations from the cosmological principle. We aim at clarifying the theoretical prediction on the large-scale structure (LSS) of the matter component in this model. Based on the work on the superhorizon scale fluctuations (superhorizon mode) presented in Y. Nan and K. Yamamoto [Phys. Rev. D 105, 063518 (2022)], we derive the equations that the perturbative components to the LSS obey as a generalization of the cosmological perturbations theory, which is solved to find the influence of the dark energy inhomogeneities on the formation of the LSS. Finally, we show that the model can be consistent with observations by comparing the σ8 predicted by the numerical solution of the model with the σ8 indicated by observations such as Planck and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

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Phys. Rev. D 105, 083531– Published 27 April, 2022
  • Received 2 January 2022
  • Accepted 8 April 2022
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