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Search for dark matter annihilation in the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf irregular galaxy with H.E.S.S.

H. Abdallah¹, R. Adam², F. Aharonian^3,4,5, F. Ait Benkhali³, E. O. Angüner⁶, C. Arcaro¹, C. Armand ^7,*, T. Armstrong⁸, H. Ashkar⁹ et al. (H.E.S.S. Collaboration)

H. Ashkar⁹, M. Backes^10,1, V. Baghmanyan¹¹, V. Barbosa Martins¹², A. Barnacka¹³, M. Barnard¹, Y. Becherini¹⁴, D. Berge¹², K. Bernlöhr³, B. Bi¹⁵, M. Böttcher¹, C. Boisson¹⁶, J. Bolmont¹⁷, M. de Bony de Lavergne¹⁸, M. Breuhaus³, F. Brun⁹, P. Brun⁹, M. Bryan¹⁸, M. Büchele¹⁹, T. Bulik²⁰, T. Bylund¹⁴, S. Caroff¹⁷, A. Carosi¹⁸, S. Casanova^11,3, T. Chand¹, S. Chandra¹, A. Chen²¹, G. Cotter²², M. Curyło²⁰, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye¹², I. D. Davids¹⁰, J. Davies²², C. Deil³, J. Devin²³, P. deWilt²⁴, L. Dirson²⁵, A. Djannati-Ataï²⁶, A. Dmytriiev¹⁶, A. Donath³, V. Doroshenko¹⁵, C. Duffy²⁷, J. Dyks²⁸, K. Egberts²⁹, F. Eichhorn¹⁹, S. Einecke²⁴, G. Emery¹⁷, J.-P. Ernenwein⁶, K. Feijen²⁴, S. Fegan², A. Fiasson¹⁸, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine¹⁶, G. Fontaine², S. Funk¹⁹, M. Füßling¹², S. Gabici²⁶, Y. A. Gallant³⁰, G. Giavitto¹², L. Giunti^26,9, D. Glawion³¹, J. F. Glicenstein⁹, D. Gottschall¹⁵, M.-H. Grondin²³, J. Hahn³, M. Haupt¹², G. Hermann³, J. A. Hinton³, W. Hofmann³, C. Hoischen²⁹, T. L. Holch³², M. Holler³³, M. Hörbe²², D. Horns²⁵, D. Huber³³, M. Jamrozy¹³, D. Jankowsky¹⁹, F. Jankowsky³¹, A. Jardin-Blicq³, V. Joshi¹⁹, I. Jung-Richardt¹⁹, E. Kasai³⁴, M. A. Kastendieck²⁵, K. Katarzyński³⁵, U. Katz¹⁹, D. Khangulyan³⁶, B. Khélifi²⁶, S. Klepser¹², W. Kluźniak²⁸, Nu. Komin²¹, R. Konno¹², K. Kosack⁹, D. Kostunin¹², M. Kreter¹, G. Lamanna¹⁸, A. Lemière²⁶, M. Lemoine-Goumard²³, J.-P. Lenain¹⁷, C. Levy¹⁷, T. Lohse³², I. Lypova¹², J. Mackey⁴, J. Majumdar¹², D. Malyshev¹⁵, D. Malyshev¹⁹, V. Marandon³, P. Marchegiani²¹, A. Marcowith³⁰, A. Mares²³, G. Martì-Devesa³³, R. Marx^31,3, G. Maurin¹⁸, P. J. Meintjes³⁷, M. Meyer¹⁹, R. Moderski²⁸, M. Mohamed³¹, L. Mohrmann¹⁹, A. Montanari⁹, C. Moore²⁷, P. Morris²², E. Moulin ^9,*, J. Muller², T. Murach¹², K. Nakashima¹⁹, A. Nayerhoda¹¹, M. de Naurois², H. Ndiyavala¹, F. Niederwanger³³, J. Niemiec¹¹, L. Oakes³², P. O’Brien²⁷, H. Odaka³⁸, S. Ohm¹², L. Olivera-Nieto³, E. de Ona Wilhelmi¹², M. Ostrowski¹³, M. Panter³, S. Panny³³, R. D. Parsons³², G. Peron³, B. Peyaud⁹, Q. Piel¹⁸, S. Pita²⁶, V. Poireau ^7,*, A. Priyana Noel¹³, D. A. Prokhorov³⁹, H. Prokoph¹², G. Pühlhofer¹⁵, M. Punch^26,14, A. Quirrenbach³¹, S. Raab¹⁹, R. Rauth³³, P. Reichherzer⁹, A. Reimer³³, O. Reimer³³, Q. Remy³, M. Renaud³⁰, F. Rieger³, L. Rinchiuso ^9,*, C. Romoli³, G. Rowell²⁴, B. Rudak²⁸, E. Ruiz-Velasco³, V. Sahakian⁴¹, S. Sailer³, D. A. Sanchez¹⁸, A. Santangelo¹⁵, M. Sasaki¹⁹, M. Scalici¹⁵, F. Schüssler⁹, H. M. Schutte¹, U. Schwanke³², S. Schwemmer³¹, M. Seglar-Arroyo⁹, M. Senniappan¹⁴, A. S. Seyffert¹, N. Shafi²¹, K. Shiningayamwe¹⁰, R. Simoni¹⁸, A. Sinha²⁶, H. Sol¹⁶, A. Specovius¹⁹, S. Spencer²², M. Spir-Jacob²⁶, Ł. Stawarz¹³, L. Sun⁴⁰, R. Steenkamp¹⁰, C. Stegmann^29,12, S. Steinmassl³, C. Steppa²⁹, T. Takahashi⁴², T. Tavernier⁹, A. M. Taylor¹², R. Terrier²⁶, D. Tiziani¹⁹, M. Tluczykont²⁵, L. Tomankova¹⁹, C. Trichard², M. Tsirou³⁰, R. Tuffs³, Y. Uchiyama³⁶, D. J. van der Walt¹, C. van Eldik¹⁹, C. van Rensburg¹, B. van Soelen³⁷, G. Vasileiadis³⁰, J. Veh¹⁹, C. Venter¹, P. Vincent¹⁷, J. Vink¹⁸, H. J. Völk³, T. Vuillaume¹⁸, Z. Wadiasingh¹, S. J. Wagner³¹, J. Watson²², F. Werner³, R. White³, A. Wierzcholska^11,31, Yu Wun Wong¹⁹, A. Yusafzai¹⁹, M. Zacharias^1,16, R. Zanin³, D. Zargaryan^4,5, A. A. Zdziarski²⁸, A. Zech¹⁶, S. Zhu¹², J. Zorn³, S. Zouari²⁶, and N. Z̀ywucka¹ (H.E.S.S. Collaboration)

¹Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
²Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
³Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
⁴Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
⁵High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
⁶Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁷Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP, 74000 Annecy, France
⁸University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
⁹IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁰University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
¹¹Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
¹²DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
¹³Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
¹⁴Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
¹⁵Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
¹⁶Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
¹⁷Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
¹⁸GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁹Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
²⁰Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
²¹School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
²²University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
²³Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
²⁴School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
²⁵Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
²⁶Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
²⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
²⁸Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
²⁹Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
³⁰Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
³¹Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
³²Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
³³Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
³⁴University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
³⁵Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
³⁶Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
³⁷Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
³⁸Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
³⁹Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
⁴⁰GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁴¹Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
⁴²Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan

^*Corresponding authors. contact.hess@hess-experiment.eu

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Phys. Rev. D 103, 102002 – Published 20 May, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.102002

Abstract

We search for an indirect signal of dark matter through very high-energy $γ$ rays from the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM) dwarf irregular galaxy. The pair annihilation of dark matter particles would produce Standard Model particles in the final state such as $γ$ rays, which might be detected by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. Dwarf irregular galaxies represent promising targets as they are dark matter dominated objects with well-measured kinematics and small uncertainties on their dark matter distribution profiles. In 2018, the five-telescopes of the high energy stereoscopic system observed the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM for 18 hours. We present the first analysis based on data obtained from an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope for this subclass of dwarf galaxy. As we do not observe any significant excess in the direction of WLM, we interpret the result in terms of constraints on the velocity-weighted cross section for dark matter pair annihilation $⟨ σ v ⟩$ as a function of the dark matter particle mass for various continuum channels, as well as the prompt $γ γ$ emission. For the $τ^{+} τ^{-}$ channel, the limits reach a $⟨ σ v ⟩$ value of about $4 \times 10^{- 22} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ for a dark matter particle mass of 1 TeV. For the prompt $γ γ$ channel, the upper limit reaches a $⟨ σ v ⟩$ value of about $5 \times 10^{- 24} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ for a mass of 370 GeV. These limits represent an improvement of up to a factor 200, with respect to previous results for the dwarf irregular galaxies for TeV dark matter search.

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Search for dark matter annihilation in the Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf irregular galaxy with H.E.S.S.

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