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Quantum enhanced dark-matter searching with entangled Fock states in high-quality cavities

Benjamin Freiman, Xinyuan You, Andy C. Y. Li, Raphael Cervantes, Taeyoon Kim, Anna Grassellino, Roni Harnik*, and Yao Lu†

  • *Contact author: roni@fnal.gov
  • †Contact author: yaolu@fnal.gov
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083026 – Published 13 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7cph-m1ln

Abstract

We present a quantum-enhanced protocol for detecting wavelike dark matter using an array of N entangled superconducting cavities initialized in an m-photon Fock state. By distributing and recollecting the quantum state with an entanglement-distribution operation, the scan rate scales as N2(m+1) while thermal excitation is the dominant background, significantly outperforming classical single-cavity methods under matched conditions. We evaluate the robustness of our scheme against additional noise sources, including decoherence and beam splitter infidelity, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. In practice, the key requirements, namely high-Q superconducting radio-frequency cavities that support long integration times, high-fidelity microwave beam splitters, and universal cavity control, are already available on current experimental platforms, making the protocol experimentally feasible.

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, 083026– Published 13 October, 2026
  • Received 27 January 2026
  • Accepted 17 September 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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