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Black holes in rotating, electromagnetic backgrounds, and topological Kerr-Newman-NUT spacetimes

Marco Astorino*

  • Laboratorio Italiano di Fisica Teorica (LIFT), Via Archimede 20, I-20129 Milano, Italy

  • *Contact author: marco.astorino@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064055 – Published 11 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6npv-cjhq

Abstract

We observe that a large class of well-behaved stationary and axisymmetric black hole solutions in general relativity and in the Einstein-Maxwell theory can be classified according to the properties of their backgrounds. Indeed, all these backgrounds belong to a unique family, which includes simultaneously all the known axisymmetric and regular backgrounds: the swirling, the Bertotti-Robinson, the Bonnor-Melvin universe, Witten’s expanding bubble, and also other novel, regular, rotating gravitational or electromagnetic environments. All these can be, fundamentally, traced back to the double Wick rotation of the topological generalization of the (accelerating) Kerr-Newman-NUT metric. We present a black hole embedded in an unexplored sector of the general background: Schwarzschild inside a generalized rotating (and possibly electromagnetic) universe. These results indicate that basically all the known analytical and exact single black hole solutions in the four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory belong to the (accelerating) Kerr-Newman-NUT family embedded into backgrounds that are a subcase of the conjugated Kerr-Newman-NUT spacetime with an angular manifold of arbitrary topology.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 064055– Published 11 September, 2026
  • Received 21 April 2026
  • Accepted 3 August 2026
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