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Probing quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter with the laser interferometer space antenna

Xucheng Gan1, Hyungjin Kim2, Anna-Malin Lemke1, and Andrea Mitridate3

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 095020 – Published 10 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/58g7-jp57

Abstract

Ultralight dark matter can interact with Standard Model particles via gravitational and nongravitational interactions. Through such interactions, it can leave distinctive signals in gravitational-wave experiments. In this work, we investigate signals induced by ultralight dark matter quadratically coupled to the Standard Model in the future space-borne gravitational-wave detector, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Due to the quadratic nature of the coupling, dark matter signals appear at two distinct frequencies: the frequency corresponding to twice the dark matter mass, and frequencies below the typical dark matter kinetic energy. We analyze both contributions and show that LISA can surpass current constraints from terrestrial and astrophysical probes in certain mass ranges. We also find that dark matter signals in LISA are free from screening effects which significantly limit the sensitivity of terrestrial experiments.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 095020– Published 10 November, 2026
  • Received 21 September 2026
  • Accepted 16 October 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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