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Gamma rays and gravitational waves from inelastic Higgs portal dark matter

Dan Hooper1,2,*, Gordan Krnjaic3,4,5,†, Duncan Rocha3,6,‡, and Subhojit Roy7,§

  • *Contact author: dwhooper@wisc.edu
  • †Contact author: krnjaicg@fnal.gov
  • ‡Contact author: drocha@uchicago.edu
  • §Contact author: sroy@anl.gov
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 115009 – Published 3 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4vqv-vmxz

Abstract

We explore a simple and predictive dark matter scenario involving a complex scalar field, ϕ, coupled to the Higgs portal with no additional field content. In the UV, the field possesses a global U(1) symmetry which is broken by mass terms and Higgs portal interactions. In the mass basis, the complex field splits into a pair of real scalars with a small mass splitting (in analogy to pseudo-Dirac fermions), such that the Higgs portal acquires both diagonal and off-diagonal terms with respect to these eigenstates. In the parameter space where the off-diagonal interaction predominates, this scenario is safe from direct detection constraints. Moreover, this model provides a viable explanation for the longstanding Galactic Center γ-ray excess. Additionally, this model influences the Higgs potential in a way that could facilitate a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe, potentially leading to a stochastic gravitational wave background that could fall within the reach of upcoming space-based detectors.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 115009– Published 3 June, 2026
  • Received 14 August 2025
  • Accepted 13 May 2026
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