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Bypassed core formation in Milky Way-mass self-interacting dark matter halos: Implications for the local group past-pericenter scenario

Zhichao Carton Zeng1,*, Odelia V. Hartl1, Louis E. Strigari1, Annika H. G. Peter2,3,4, Xiaolong Du5,6, Charlie Mace2,3, and Andrew Benson5

  • *Contact author: zczeng@tamu.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083056 – Published 30 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4fjp-82qg

Abstract

We consider a scenario in which the Milky Way (MW) and M31 have had a previous pericentric passage and investigate its compatibility with self-interacting dark matter (SIDM). Using initial conditions sampled from Local Group (LG) analogs in the IllustrisTNG simulation, we perform controlled resimulations of the MW-M31 orbit, evolving the system under both standard cold dark matter (CDM) and various SIDM cross sections. We find that the deep baryonic potential of the MW preconditions the halo’s thermal structure, establishing an initial negative temperature gradient. This drives SIDM halos to bypass the standard core-formation phase and enter immediate core-collapse, resulting in monotonically increasing central densities. In full orbital simulations, the compact stellar component (disk/bulge) of the MW analog remains robust against tidal disruption for pericenter distances as close as rperi≲20  kpc during an encounter at cosmic time ∼8  Gyr. The diffuse stellar halo is comparatively more susceptible, facing disruption for rperi≲100  kpc. Our results demonstrate a dichotomy in structural evolution: the compact disk/bulge is sensitive to intrinsic SIDM thermodynamics but dynamically robust against the pericenter encounter, whereas the diffuse stellar halo is largely independent of the specific SIDM model but more vulnerable to orbital tidal disruptions.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083056– Published 30 October, 2026
  • Received 11 May 2026
  • Accepted 1 September 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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