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Microphysical diversity in two very closely spaced magnetic switchbacks observed by the Parker Solar Probe

Dipali Vadher1,2,*, Ankush Bhaskar2,†, Smitha Thampi2,‡, and Kamlesh Pathak1,§

  • *Contact author: dipaleevadher09@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: ankushbhaskar@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: smitha.v.thampi@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: knp@phy.svnit.ac.in

Phys. Rev. D 114, 083002 – Published 1 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3mvy-5j9f

Abstract

Parker Solar Probe observations near the Sun reveal frequent, sudden reversals of the magnetic field known as switchbacks (SBs). Despite their ubiquity, the internal plasma structure and associated heating within SBs remain poorly understood. We present a case study of two closely spaced SBs (referred to in the text as SB1 and SB2) observed on 24 January 2020 using high-cadence magnetic and plasma measurements. Magnetic fluctuations are decomposed into components parallel and perpendicular to the mean field, and their power spectra are analyzed to characterize the turbulent cascade. The partial variance of increments method is applied to identify intermittent current sheetlike features. Both SB intervals exhibit clear Alfvénic behavior and enhanced radial flow; however, their microphysics differ: SB1 shows a higher proton temperature, larger fluctuation amplitudes, and a denser population of current sheets compared to SB2. The two events also differ in spectral index, with SB1 exhibiting a steeper perpendicular slope than SB2. The elevated intermittency, proton temperature, and transient β>1 excursion in SB1 suggest that localized dissipation at small-scale structures is a plausible driver of the observed heating. These findings demonstrate that SBs are not uniform kinematic deflections but dynamically evolving plasma structures whose internal turbulence may regulate local energy conversion and contribute to the spatially intermittent heating of the near-Sun solar wind.

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