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Fuzzy black holes from mass generation in matrix compactification

Davide Laurenzano* and John Wheater†

  • *Contact author: davide.laurenzano@physics.ox.ac.uk
  • †Contact author: john.wheater@physics.ox.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 046019 – Published 19 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/33gw-mxpz

Abstract

We investigate a mechanism for generating mass terms in the Ishibashi–Kawai–Kitazawa–Tsuchiya (IKKT) and Banks–Fischler–Shenker–Susskind (BFSS) matrix theories through compactification on a torus and the derivation of a zero-mode effective theory, emphasizing the crucial role of fermionic boundary conditions. Extending a recent proposal developed for the IKKT model to the BFSS framework, we explore a broader class of mixed fermionic boundary conditions in both theories. This choice leads to a distinct effective theory with intermediate features, where a mass term is generated together with fermionic zero-modes. In the BFSS case, this setup further allows for the construction of black hole solutions. The resulting geometry takes the form of a fuzzy sphere, with quantum excitations in the fermionic sector accounting for the corresponding black hole entropy.

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Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, 046019– Published 19 August, 2026
  • Received 23 June 2026
  • Accepted 22 July 2026
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