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Bosonization, vertex operators, and maximal violation of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality in wedge regions

J. G. A. Caribé ^1,2,*, M. S. Guimaraes ^2,†, I. Roditi ^3,4,‡, and S. P. Sorella ^2,§

¹Departamento de Física, UFRRJ, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Zona Rural, BR-465, Km 07, 23890-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
²UERJ—Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física—Departamento de Física Teórica—Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, 20550-013, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³CBPF—Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Doutor Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland

^*Contact author: joaogcaribe@ufrrj.br
^†Contact author: msguimaraes@uerj.br
^‡Contact author: roditi@cbpf.br
^§Contact author: silvio.sorella@fis.uerj.br

Phys. Rev. D 114, L041702 – Published 17 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1zp5-yd2c

Abstract

It is pointed out that the vertex operators of a chiral boson in $1 + 1$ dimensions provide an explicit realization of dichotomic, bounded, Hermitian operators that saturate the Tsirelson bound of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality in the vacuum state.

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References (23)

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Phys. Rev. D 114, L041702– Published 17 August, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 4 — 15 August 2026

Received 30 April 2026
Accepted 22 July 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1zp5-yd2c

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physical Review D

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Bosonization, vertex operators, and maximal violation of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality in wedge regions

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