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Hybrid light-matter excitations and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in two-dimensional Josephson junctions

V. Varrica1,2,3, G. Falci1,2, E. Paladino1,2, and F. M. D. Pellegrino1,2,3

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Phys. Rev. B 114, 115401 – Published 3 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/npcs-dl1q

Abstract

In the context of hybrid superconductor-semiconductor systems, Josephson junctions based on two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, offer promising opportunities because of their scalability and gate-tunable electronic properties. In this work, we investigate the inductive coupling between a quantum LC resonator and a superconducting loop embedding a short, ballistic, planar Josephson junction, with the graphene-based case as a representative example. Within a mean-field formalism, we analyze how the properties of the global system depend on the light-matter interaction coupling, the Fermi level of the two-dimensional material, and temperature. Our findings reveal that the current-phase relation can show features indicative of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. Furthermore, we determine the low-energy spectrum of collective hybridized light-matter excitations.

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Phys. Rev. B 114, 115401– Published 3 August, 2026
  • Received 13 May 2026
  • Accepted 15 July 2026
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