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Confinement and Bose condensation in gauge theory of high-Tc superconductors

Naoto Nagaosa

Patrick A. Lee

  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

  • Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

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Phys. Rev. B 61, 9166 – Published 1 April, 2000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.9166

Abstract

The issue of confinement and bose condensation is studied for gauge models of high-Tc superconductors. First the Abelian-Higgs model in (2+1)D, i.e., XY model coupled to lattice gauge field aμ with coupling g, is studied taking into account both the instantons and vortices. This model corresponds to integer filling of the bosons, and can be mapped to a dual superconductor. Our main result is that the instantons introduce a term which couples linearly to the dual superconductor order parameter, and tend to pin its phase. As a result the vortex condensation always occurs due to the instantons, and the Meissner effect for the gauge field aμ is absent, although aμ is massive. This state is essentially the same as the confining phase of the pure gauge model. Away from integer filling, a “magnetic field” μ (the chemical potential of the bosons) is applied to this dual superconductor. Then the Higgs phase revives in the case of weak g and large boson density x, where vortices do not condense in spite of the instantons. In the opposite case, i.e., strong g and small x, phase separation occurs, forming either microscopic patches or macroscopic stripe domains of the Mott insulating state.

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Phys. Rev. B 61, 9166– Published 1 April, 2000
  • Received 25 June 1999

© 2000 American Physical Society

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