- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review B

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Internal energy of sputtered metal clusters

A. Wucher

  • Fachbereich Physik, Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Federal Republic of Germany

PDF

Phys. Rev. B 49, 2012 – Published 15 January, 1994

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.2012

Abstract

The internal excitation of silver clusters sputtered from a polycrystalline silver surface by Ar+ ions of 5 keV was investigated by laser postionization of the ejected neutral species and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For sputtered dimers, resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy was employed using either a one- or a two-color scheme. From the resulting spectra, vibrational and rotational population temperatures around 2700 and 6700 K are determined which agree well with corresponding predictions obtained from molecular-dynamics simulations of the molecule sputtering process. For larger clusters, single-photon ionization by a fixed frequency laser was used for cluster detection and the spectra obtained with different laser wavelengths were compared. The results show that around 50% of the sputtered Ag6 clusters are formed with internal energies in excess of 0.75 eV.

View figure in article

References (55)

  1. For a detailed description, see R. Behrisch, in Sputtering by Particle Bombardment, edited by R. Behrisch and K. Wittmaack (Springer, Berlin, 1991), Vol. III, p. 3.
  2. A. Benninghoven, Surf. Sci. 35, 427 (1973).
  3. H. Oechsner, H. Schoof and E. Stumpe, Surf. Sci. 76, 343 (1978).
  4. P. Sigmund, H. M. Urbassek and D. Matagrano, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 14, 495 (1986).
  5. G. P. Können, A. Tip, and A. E. de Vries, Radiat. Eff. 21, 269 (1974).
  6. R. Hoogerbrugge and P. G. Kistemaker, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 21, 37 (1987).
  7. W. Gerhard, Z. Phys. B 22, 31 (1975).
  8. K. J. Snowdon, R. Hentschke, W. Heiland and P. Hertel, Z. Phys. A 318, 261 (1984).
  9. D. E. Harrison, Jr., and C. B. Delaplain, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2252 (1976).
  10. N. Winograd, D. E. Harrison, Jr., and B. J. Garrison, Surf. Sci. 78, 467 (1978).
  11. B. J. Garrison, N. Winograd and D. E. Harrison, Jr., , J. Chem. Phys. 69, 1440 (1978).
  12. B. J. Garrison, N. Winograd and D. E. Harrison, Jr., , Phys. Rev. B 18, 6000 (1978).
  13. N. Winograd, K. E. Foley, B. J. Garrison and D. E. Harrison, Jr., , Phys. Lett. A 73, 253 (1979).
  14. N. Winograd, B. J. Garrison, T. Fleisch, W. N. Delgass and D. E. Harrison, Jr., , J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 629 (1979).
  15. S. P. Holland, B. J. Garrison and N. Winograd, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 756 (1980).
  16. B. J. Garrison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102, 6553 (1980).
  17. N. Winograd, B. J. Garrison and D. E. Harrison, Jr., , J. Chem. Phys. 73, 3473 (1980).
  18. D. E. Harrison, Jr., P. Avouris and R. Walkup, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 18, 321 (1987).
  19. A. Wucher and B. J. Garrison, Surf. Sci. 260, 257 (1992).
  20. A. Wucher and B. J. Garrison, Phys. Rev. B 46, 4855 (1992).
  21. K. J. Snowdon and W. Heiland, Z. Phys. A 318, 275 (1984).
  22. C. M. Loxton, I. S. T. Tsong and D. A. Reed, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2, 465 (1984).
  23. E. W. Thomas and L. Efstathiou, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 2, 479 (1984).
  24. R. de Jonge, T. Baller, M. G. Tenner, A. E. de Vries and K. J. Snowdon, Europhys. Lett. 2, 499 (1986); Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 17, 213 (1986).
  25. R. de Jonge, K. W. Benoist, J. W. F. Majoor, and A. E. de Vries, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 28, 214 (1987).
  26. P. Fayet, J. P. Wolf and L. Wöste, Phys. Rev. B 33, 6792 (1986).
  27. P. Sigmund, in Sputtering by Particle Bombardment, edited by R. Behrisch (Springer, Berlin, 1981), Vol. I, pp. 10 and 15.
  28. N. K. Dzhemilev and S. V. Verkhoturov, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 49, 1831 (1985).
  29. N. K. Dzhemilev, U. K. Rasulev and S. V. Verkhoturov, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 29, 531 (1987).
  30. N. K. Dzhemilev, S. V. Verkhoturov and I. V. Veriovkin, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 51, 219 (1990).
  31. N. K. Dzhemilev, A. M. Goldenberg, I. V. Veriovkin and S. V. Verkhoturov, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion. Proc. 107, R19 (1991).
  32. W. Begemann, S. Dreihöfer, K. H. Meiwes-Broer and H. O. Lutz, Z. Phys. D 3, 183 (1986).
  33. W. Begemann, K. H. Meiwes-Broer and H. O. Lutz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2248 (1986).
  34. A. Wucher, M. Wahl and H. Oechsner, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 82, 337 (1993).
  35. V. Beutel, H.-G. Krämer, G. L. Bhale, M. Kuhn, K. Weyers and W. Demtröder, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 2699 (1993).
  36. V. Beutel, G. L. Bhale, M. Kuhn and W. Demtröder, Chem. Phys. Lett. 185, 313 (1991).
  37. S. Baier, M. Martins, B. R. Müller, M. Schulze and P. Zimmermann, J. Phys. B 23, 3095 (1990).
  38. A. Wucher, W. Berthold, H. Oechsner, and K. Franzreb (unpublished).
  39. Due to the fact that almost all ground-state rovibrational levels of sputtered molecules are populated, any chosen laser wavelength will find at least a near resonance and, hence, the term nonresonant may be somewhat misleading in this case.
  40. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, Vol. I: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1950), p. 208. [The formulas given in the reference were divided by (2J+1)/2 to obtain the HLF used here.]
  41. C. M. Brown and M. L. Ginter, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 69, 25 (1978).
  42. M. D. Morse, Chem. Rev. 86, 1049 (1986).
  43. C. E. Moore, Atomic Energy Levels, Natl. Bur. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Circ. No. 35 (NBS, Washington, 1971), Vol. III, pp. 48ff.
  44. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, Vol. I: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Ref. 39), p. 101.
  45. J. P. Reilley and K. L. Kompa, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 5468 (1980).
  46. Spontaneous transitions to other even states below the C state (except the ground state) are neglected due to the λ−3 dependence of the emission coefficient.
  47. W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy (Springer, Berlin, 1991), p. 12.
  48. A. Wucher and B. J. Garrison, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 82, 352 (1993).
  49. K. Franzreb, A. Wucher and H. Oechsner, Surf. Sci. Lett. 279, L225 (1992).
  50. K. Franzreb, A. Wucher and H. Oechsner, Z. Phys. D 17, 51 (1990).
  51. P. G. Fournier, J. Fournier, B. Bellaoui, O. Benoist d'Azy and G. Taieb, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 78, 144 (1993).
  52. H. M. Urbassek, J. Phys. B 20, 3105 (1987).
  53. V. Beutel, H.-J. Böhm, W. Demtröder, H.-A. Eckel, J. Gress, M. Kuhn and A. Sasso, Laser Chem. 11, 209 (1991).
  54. C. Jackschath, I. Rabin and W. Schulze, Z. Phys. D 22, 517 (1992).
  55. K. LaiHing, P. Y. Cheng and M. A. Duncan, Z. Phys. D 13, 161 (1989).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. B 49, 2012– Published 15 January, 1994
  • Received 9 July 1993

© 1994 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation