Ion-irradiation effects on the phonon correlation length of graphite studied by Raman spectroscopy

Kazutaka Nakamura; Masahiro Kitajima

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.45.78

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Ion-irradiation effects on the phonon correlation length of graphite studied by Raman spectroscopy

Kazutaka Nakamura and Masahiro Kitajima

Second Research Group, Tsukuba Laboratories, National Research Institute for Metals, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305, Japan

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Phys. Rev. B 45, 78 – Published 1 January, 1992

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.45.78

Abstract

Real-time Raman measurements have been performed on graphite under 3-keV ${Ar}^{+}$ -ion irradiation with a time resolution of 6 sec. Ion flux of 3× $10^{11}$ and 4× $10^{10}$ ions/ ${cm}^{2}$ sec are used. The graphite lattice damage is estimated by the relative intensity ratio of the disorder-induced peak (∼1360 ${cm}^{- 1}$ ) with respect to the Raman-active $E_{2 g}$ -mode peak (∼1580 ${cm}^{- 1}$ ). The relative intensity change in the Raman spectrum caused by the irradiation is explained in terms of a reduction in the phonon correlation length due to defects.

References (23)

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K. Nakamura, M. Fujitsuka, and M. Kitajima, Phys. Rev. B 41, 12 260 (1990).
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[c1] K. K. Tiong, P. M. Amirtharaj, F. H. Pollak and D. E. Aspnes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 122 (1984).

[c2] J. E. Smith Jr, M. H. Brodsky, B. L. Crowder, and M. I. Nathan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 8-10, 179 (1972).

[c3] B. S. Elman, M. Shayegan, M. S. Dresselhaus, H. Mazurek and G. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. B 25, 4142 (1982).

[c4] B. S. Elman, M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, E. W. Maby and H. Mazurek, Phys. Rev. B 24, 1027 (1981).

[c5] M. S. Dresselhaus and G. Dresselhaus, in Light Scattering in Solid III, edited by M. Cardona and G. Güntherodt (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982), p. 2.

[c6] M. Kitajima, K. Aoki and M. Okada, J. Nucl. Mater. 149, 269 (1987).

[c7] T. Tanabe, S. Muto, Y. Gotoh and K. Niwase, J. Nucl. Mater. 175, 258 (1990).

[c8] D. S. Knight and W. B. White, J. Mater. Res. 4, 385 (1989).

[c9] F. Tuinstra and J. L. Koenig, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1126 (1970).

[c10] K. Nakamura, M. Fujitsuka, and M. Kitajima, Phys. Rev. B 41, 12 260 (1990).

[c11] K. Nakamura, M. Fujitsuka and M. Kitajima, Chem. Phys. Lett. 172, 205 (1990).

[c12] K. Nakamura and M. Kitajima, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1550 (1991).

[c13] H. Ishida, H. Fukuda, G. Katagiri and A. Ishitani, Appl. Spectros. 40, 322 (1986).

[c14] J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack, and U. Littmark, in The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids (Pregamon, New York, 1985), p. 109.

[c15] D. L. Greenaway and G. H. Harbeke, Phys. Rev. 178, 1340 (1969).

[c16] M. Holtz, R. Zallen, O. Brafman and S. Matteson, Phys. Rev. B 37, 4609 (1988).

[c17] F. Seitz and J. S. Koehler, in Solids State Physics 2, 305 (1956).

[c18] P. D. Townsend, J. C. Kelly, and N. E. W. Hartley, in Ion Implantation, Sputtering and their Applications (Academic, London, 1976), p. 117.

[c19] P. Sigmund, in Sputtering by Particle Bombardment I, edited by R. Behrisch (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1981), p. 9.

[c20] Y. Kido and H. Nakano, Surf. Sci. 239, 254 (1990).

[c21] G. H. Kinchin and R. S. Pease, Rep. Prog. Phys. 18, 1 (1955).

[c22] G. L. Montet, Carbon 11, 89 (1973).

[c23] B. T. Kelly, Carbon 20, 3 (1982).

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Ion-irradiation effects on the phonon correlation length of graphite studied by Raman spectroscopy

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