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Arbitrary Control of Polarization and Intensity Profiles of Diffraction-Attenuation-Resistant Beams along the Propagation Direction

Mateus Corato-Zanarella1,*, Ahmed H. Dorrah2,†, Michel Zamboni-Rached1, and Mo Mojahedi2

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
  • 2Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada

  • *Corresponding author. mateuscorato@gmail.com Present address: Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
  • †ahmed.dorrah@mail.utoronto.ca
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Phys. Rev. Applied 9, 024013 – Published 14 February, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.024013

Abstract

We report on the theory and experimental generation of a class of diffraction-attenuation-resistant beams with state of polarization (SOP) and intensity that can be controlled on demand along the propagation direction. This control is achieved by a suitable superposition of Bessel beams, whose parameters are systematically chosen based on closed-form analytic expressions provided by the frozen waves method. Using an amplitude-only spatial light modulator, we experimentally demonstrate three scenarios. In the first, the SOP of a horizontally polarized beam evolves to radial polarization and is then changed to vertical polarization, with the beam intensity held constant. In the second, we simultaneously control the SOP and the longitudinal intensity profile, which is chosen such that the beam’s central ring can be switched off over predefined space regions, thus generating multiple foci with different SOPs and at different intensity levels along the propagation. Finally, the ability to control the SOP while overcoming attenuation inside lossy fluids is shown experimentally. We envision our proposed method to be of great interest for many applications, such as optical tweezers, atom guiding, material processing, microscopy, and optical communications.

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  35. Ultimately being switched on and off via interference if abrupt changes in SOP are desired.

  36. Here, we adopt the formulation in which the beam is generated in a lossless material before penetrating the absorbing medium [24].

  37. Notice that in Eq. (5) the inverse of the medium loss profile is appended to F(z) in the form of eβi0z, so this augmented exponentially growing intensity profile compensates for the propagation losses.

  38. Although the analysis of electromagnetic FWs in Ref. [34] assumes lossless media for simplicity, all of the E→ and B→ expressions presented there are valid for lossy media.

  39. This degree of freedom is not available, however, in the case of azimuthal and radial polarizations, for which the order is fixed at 1 [34].

  40. This fact is also shown in the experimental results of Sec. 4.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 9, 024013– Published 14 February, 2018
  • Received 20 July 2017
  • Revised 4 December 2017
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