- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Inducing Axial Banding in Bidisperse-by-Density Granular Systems Using Noncylindrical Tumbler Geometries

C. R. K. Windows-Yule1,2,3, A. J. van der Horn1, D. R. Tunuguntla1, D. J. Parker3, and A. R. Thornton1

  • 1Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Multi-Scale Mechanics (MSM), MESA+, CTW, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
  • 2Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
  • 3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 8, 024010 – Published 17 August, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.024010

Abstract

We present evidence of axial banding in rotated, binary granular beds comprising particles of equal size but differing material density. It is demonstrated that the presence of differing particle densities alone may produce limited, localized axial segregation arising due to end-wall effects, but that true axial banding, i.e., axial segregation patterns pervading the full extent of the system may be induced through the use of a rotating tumbler whose internal geometry comprises alternating convex and concave segments. The segregation patterns formed are observed to be stable and reproducible, unlike the unpredictable, metastable banding typically observed in systems containing particles differing in size. Moreover, we demonstrate that, by varying the axial extent and positioning of the individual convex and concave segments, the system geometry may be deliberately tuned in order to directly control both the positions and the widths of the axial bands produced—a finding with significant potential benefits for a range of industrial processes.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (64)

  1. J. C. Williams, The segregation of powders and granular materials, Fuel Soc. J. 14, 29 (1963).
  2. O. Zik, Dov Levine, S. G. Lipson, S. Shtrikman, and J. Stavans, Rotationally Induced Segregation of Granular Materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 644 (1994).
  3. Anthony Rosato, Katherine J. Strandburg, Friedrich Prinz, and Robert H. Swendsen, Why the Brazil Nuts Are on Top: Size Segregation of Particulate Matter by Shaking, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1038 (1987).
  4. Tamás Börzsönyi and Ralf Stannarius, Granular materials composed of shape-anisotropic grains, Soft Matter 9, 7401 (2013).
  5. Pik-Yin Lai, L.-C. Jia, and C. K. Chan, Friction Induced Segregation of a Granular Binary Mixture in a Rotating Drum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4994 (1997).
  6. James W. Vallance and Stuart B. Savage, in Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Segregation in Granular Flows, Cape May, NJ, 2000, edited by Anthony D. Rosato and Denis L. Blackmore, Solid Mechanics and Its Applications Vol. 81 (Springer, New York, 2000), p. 31.
  7. J. Duran, Sands, Powders, and Grains (Springer, New York, 2000).
  8. Guy Metcalfe and Mark Shattuck, Pattern formation during mixing and segregation of flowing granular materials, Physica (Amsterdam) 233A, 709 (1996).
  9. Fernando J. Muzzio, Troy Shinbrot, and Benjamin J. Glasser, Powder technology in the pharmaceutical industry: The need to catch up fast, Powder Technol. 124, 1 (2002).
  10. C. Zeilstra, M. A. Van Der Hoef, and J. A. M. Kuipers, Simulation of density segregation in vibrated beds, Phys. Rev. E 77, 031309 (2008).
  11. Nusruth Mohabuth, Philip Hall, and Nicholas Miles, Investigating the use of vertical vibration to recover metal from electrical and electronic waste, Minerals engineering 20, 926 (2007).
  12. Weihong Xing and Charles Hendriks, Decontamination of granular wastes by mining separation techniques, J. Cleaner Prod. 14, 748 (2006).
  13. Xiao Yan Liu, E. Specht, and J. Mellmann, Experimental study of the lower and upper angles of repose of granular materials in rotating drums, Powder Technol. 154, 125 (2005).
  14. Steven W. Meier, Richard M. Lueptow, and Julio M. Ottino, A dynamical systems approach to mixing and segregation of granular materials in tumblers, Adv. Phys. 56, 757 (2007).
  15. G. Seiden and Peter J. Thomas, Complexity, segregation, and pattern formation in rotating-drum flows, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 1323 (2011).
  16. F. Cantelaube and D. Bideau, Radial segregation in a 2D drum: An experimental analysis, Europhys. Lett. 30, 133 (1995).
  17. D. V. Khakhar, J. J. McCarthy, and J. M. Ottino, Radial segregation of granular mixtures in rotating cylinders, Phys. Fluids 9, 3600 (1997).
  18. Nitin Jain, Julio M. Ottino, and Richard M. Lueptow, Regimes of segregation and mixing in combined size and density granular systems: An experimental study, Granular Matter 7, 69 (2005).
  19. S. Das Gupta, D. V. Khakhar, and S. K. Bhatia, Axial segregation of particles in a horizontal rotating cylinder, Chem. Eng. Sci. 46, 1513 (1991).
  20. K. M. Hill, A. Caprihan, and J. Kakalios, Axial segregation of granular media rotated in a drum mixer: Pattern evolution, Phys. Rev. E 56, 4386 (1997).
  21. K. M. Hill, A. Caprihan, and J. Kakalios, Bulk Segregation in Rotated Granular Material Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 50 (1997).
  22. I. Zuriguel, J. F. Boudet, Y. Amarouchene, and H. Kellay, Role of Fluctuation-Induced Interactions in the Axial Segregation of Granular Materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 258002 (2005).
  23. Suman K. Hajra and D. V. Khakhar, Radial segregation of ternary granular mixtures in rotating cylinders, Granular Matter 13, 475 (2011).
  24. M. Alonso, M. Satoh, and K. Miyanami, Optimum combination of size ratio, density ratio and concentration to minimize free surface segregation, Powder Technol. 68, 145 (1991).
  25. G. G. Pereira, N. Tran, and P. W. Cleary, Segregation of combined size and density varying binary granular mixtures in a slowly rotating tumbler, Granular Matter 16, 711 (2014).
  26. Lori Sanfratello and Eiichi Fukushima, Experimental studies of density segregation in the 3D rotating cylinder and the absence of banding, Granular Matter 11, 73 (2009).
  27. G. G. Pereira, M. D. Sinnott, P. W. Cleary, Kurt Liffman, Guy Metcalfe, and Ilija D. Šutalo, Insights from simulations into mechanisms for density segregation of granular mixtures in rotating cylinders, Granular Matter 13, 53 (2011).
  28. Shakil Ahmed, Sam E. John, Ilija D. Šutalo, Guy Metcalfe, and Kurt Liffman, Experimental study of density segregation at end walls in a horizontal rotating cylinder saturated with fluid: Friction to lubrication transition, Granular Matter 14, 319 (2012).
  29. M. M. H. D. Arntz, H. H. Beeftink, den W. K. Otter, W. J. Briels, and R. M. Boom, Segregation of granular particles by mass, radius, and density in a horizontal rotating drum, AIChE J. 60, 50 (2014).
  30. D. R. Tunuguntla, O. Bokhove, and A. R. Thornton, A mixture theory for size and density segregation in shallow granular free-surface flows, J. Fluid Mech. 749, 99 (2014).
  31. D. R. Tunuguntla and A. R. Thornton, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media, Montpellier, France, 2017 [EPJ Web Conf. 140, 03079 (2017)].
  32. K. M. Hill and J. Kakalios, Reversible axial segregation of binary mixtures of granular materials, Phys. Rev. E 49, R3610 (1994).
  33. Steven W. Meier, Diego A. Melani Barreiro, Julio M. Ottino, and Richard M. Lueptow, Coarsening of granular segregation patterns in quasi-two-dimensional tumblers, Nat. Phys. 4, 244 (2008).

  34. Throughout this paper, the authors draw distinction between the end-wall-induced effects observed by Pereira and co-workers [25, 27] and the phenomenon which we term axial banding. While both the former and the latter certainly represent forms of axial segregation, we reserve the term “banding” for the case in which repeated axial sections or bands of high single-species concentration are observed throughout the axial extent of a system.

  35. K. M. Hill, Nitin Jain, and J. M. Ottino, Modes of granular segregation in a noncircular rotating cylinder, Phys. Rev. E 64, 011302 (2001).
  36. Steven W. Meier, Stephen E. Cisar, Richard M. Lueptow, and Julio M. Ottino, Capturing patterns and symmetries in chaotic granular flow, Phys. Rev. E 74, 031310 (2006).
  37. Ivan C. Christov, Julio M. Ottino, and Richard M. Lueptow, Chaotic mixing via streamline jumping in quasi-two-dimensional tumbled granular flows, Chaos 20, 023102 (2010).
  38. D. V. N. Prasad and D. V. Khakhar, Mixing of granular material in rotating cylinders with noncircular cross-sections, Phys. Fluids 22, 103302 (2010).
  39. S. González, C. R. K. Windows-Yule, S. Luding, D. J. Parker, and A. R. Thornton, Forced axial segregation in axially inhomogeneous rotating systems, Phys. Rev. E 92, 022202 (2015).
  40. C. R. K. Windows-Yule, B. J. Scheper, A. J. van der Horn, N. Hainsworth, J. Saunders, D. J. Parker, and A. R. Thornton, Understanding and exploiting competing segregation mechanisms in horizontally rotated granular media, New J. Phys. 18, 023013 (2016).
  41. M. M. H. D. Arntz, W. K. Den Otter, W. J. Briels, P. J. T. Bussmann, H. H. Beeftink, and R. M. Boom, Granular mixing and segregation in a horizontal rotating drum: A simulation study on the impact of rotational speed and fill level, AIChE J. 54, 3133 (2008).
  42. K. M. Hill and J. Kakalios, Reversible axial segregation of rotating granular media, Phys. Rev. E 52, 4393 (1995).
  43. G. Juarez, J. M. Ottino, and R. M. Lueptow, Axial band scaling for bidisperse mixtures in granular tumblers, Phys. Rev. E 78, 031306 (2008).
  44. D. J. Parker, R. N. Forster, P. Fowles, and P. S. Takhar, Positron emission particle tracking using the new Birmingham positron camera, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 477, 540 (2002).
  45. R. D. Wildman, J. M. Huntley, J.-P. Hansen, D. J. Parker, and D. A. Allen, Single-particle motion in three-dimensional vibrofluidized granular beds, Phys. Rev. E 62, 3826 (2000).
  46. D. J. Parker, A. E. Dijkstra, T. W. Martin, and J. P. K. Seville, Positron emission particle tracking studies of spherical particle motion in rotating drums, Chem. Eng. Sci. 52, 2011 (1997).
  47. Y. L. Ding, R. Forster, J. P. K. Seville, and D. J. Parker, Segregation of granular flow in the transverse plane of a rolling mode rotating drum, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28, 635 (2002).
  48. R. Y. Yang, R. P. Zou, and A. B. Yu, Microdynamic analysis of particle flow in a horizontal rotating drum, Powder Technol. 130, 138 (2003).
  49. A. Ingram, J. P. K. Seville, D. J. Parker, X. Fan, and R. G. Forster, Axial and radial dispersion in rolling mode rotating drums, Powder Technol. 158, 76 (2005).
  50. R. Y. Yang, A. B. Yu, Luke McElroy, and J. Bao, Numerical simulation of particle dynamics in different flow regimes in a rotating drum, Powder Technol. 188, 170 (2008).
  51. C. T. Jayasundara, R. Y. Yang, B. Y. Guo, A. B. Yu, I. Govender, A. Mainza, A. Van der Westhuizen, and J. Rubenstein, CFD-DEM modelling of particle flow in IsaMills—Comparison between simulations and PEPT measurements, Minerals engineering 24, 181 (2011).
  52. D. J. Parker, C. J. Broadbent, P. Fowles, M. R. Hawkesworth, and P. McNeil, Positron emission particle tracking—A technique for studying flow within engineering equipment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 326, 592 (1993).
  53. C. R. K. Windows-Yule, T. Weinhart, D. J. Parker, and A. R. Thornton, Influence of thermal convection on density segregation in a vibrated binary granular system, Phys. Rev. E 89, 022202 (2014).
  54. C. R. K. Windows-Yule, T. Weinhart, D. J. Parker, and A. R. Thornton, Effects of Packing Density on the Segregative Behaviors of Granular Systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 098001 (2014).
  55. R. D. Wildman and D. J. Parker, Coexistence of Two Granular Temperatures in Binary Vibrofluidized Beds, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 064301 (2002).
  56. Masami Nakagawa, Stephen A. Altobelli, Arvind Caprihan, and Eiichi Fukushima, NMRI study: Asial migration of radially segregated core of granular mixtures in a horizontal rotating cylinder, Chem. Eng. Sci. 52, 4423 (1997).
  57. J. M. Ottino and D. V. Khakhar, Scaling of granular flow processes: From surface flows to design rules, AIChE J. 48, 2157 (2002).
  58. D. A. Huerta and J. C. Ruiz-Suárez, Vibration-Induced Granular Segregation: A Phenomenon Driven by Three Mechanisms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 114301 (2004).
  59. C. R. K. Windows-Yule, B. J. Scheper, W. K. den Otter, D. J. Parker, and A. R. Thornton, Modifying self-assembly and species separation in three-dimensional systems of shape-anisotropic particles, Phys. Rev. E 93, 020901 (2016).
  60. Yi Fan and K. M. Hill, Phase Transitions in Shear-Induced Segregation of Granular Materials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 218301 (2011).
  61. Yi Fan and K. M. Hill, Theory for shear-induced segregation of dense granular mixtures, New J. Phys. 13, 095009 (2011).
  62. Tilo Finger, Andreas Voigt, Jörg Stadler, Heiko G. Niessen, Lama Naji, and Ralf Stannarius, Coarsening of axial segregation patterns of slurries in a horizontally rotating drum, Phys. Rev. E 74, 031312 (2006).
  63. Nicolas Taberlet, Wolfgang Losert, and Patrick Richard, Understanding the dynamics of segregation bands of simulated granular material in a rotating drum, Europhys. Lett. 68, 522 (2004).
  64. Qiang Xie, Zuobing Chen, Qinfu Hou, A. B. Yu, and Runyu Yang, DEM investigation of heat transfer in a drum mixer with lifters, Powder Technol. 314, 175 (2017).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 8, 024010– Published 17 August, 2017
  • Received 13 April 2017

© 2017 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation