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Three-Dimensional Wiring for Extensible Quantum Computing: The Quantum Socket

J. H. Béjanin1, T. G. McConkey1,3, J. R. Rinehart1,2, C. T. Earnest1,2, C. R. H. McRae1,2, D. Shiri1,2,†, J. D. Bateman1,2,‡, Y. Rohanizadegan1,2, B. Penava4 et al.

P. Breul4, S. Royak4, M. Zapatka5, A. G. Fowler6, and M. Mariantoni1,2,*

  • 1Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 4INGUN Prüfmittelbau GmbH, Max-Stromeyer-Straße 162, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
  • 5INGUN USA, Inc., 252 Latitude Lane, Suite 102, Lake Wylie, South Carolina 29710-8152, USA
  • 6Google Inc., Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA

  • *Corresponding author. matteo.mariantoni@uwaterloo.ca
  • †Present address: Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
  • ‡Present address: The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
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Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 044010 – Published 18 October, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.044010

Abstract

Quantum computing architectures are on the verge of scalability, a key requirement for the implementation of a universal quantum computer. The next stage in this quest is the realization of quantum error-correction codes, which will mitigate the impact of faulty quantum information on a quantum computer. Architectures with ten or more quantum bits (qubits) have been realized using trapped ions and superconducting circuits. While these implementations are potentially scalable, true scalability will require systems engineering to combine quantum and classical hardware. One technology demanding imminent efforts is the realization of a suitable wiring method for the control and the measurement of a large number of qubits. In this work, we introduce an interconnect solution for solid-state qubits: the quantum socket. The quantum socket fully exploits the third dimension to connect classical electronics to qubits with higher density and better performance than two-dimensional methods based on wire bonding. The quantum socket is based on spring-mounted microwires—the three-dimensional wires—that push directly on a microfabricated chip, making electrical contact. A small wire cross section (approximately 1 mm), nearly nonmagnetic components, and functionality at low temperatures make the quantum socket ideal for operating solid-state qubits. The wires have a coaxial geometry and operate over a frequency range from dc to 8 GHz, with a contact resistance of approximately 150  mΩ, an impedance mismatch of approximately 10  Ω, and minimal cross talk. As a proof of principle, we fabricate and use a quantum socket to measure high-quality superconducting resonators at a temperature of approximately 10 mK. Quantum error-correction codes such as the surface code will largely benefit from the quantum socket, which will make it possible to address qubits located on a two-dimensional lattice. The present implementation of the socket could be readily extended to accommodate a quantum processor with a (10×10)-qubit lattice, which would allow for the realization of a simple quantum memory.

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Synopsis

Scaling-Up with a Quantum Socket

Published 18 October, 2016

A three-dimensional mesh of wires could connect large arrays of superconducting qubits in a quantum computer.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 044010– Published 18 October, 2016
  • Received 27 May 2016

© 2016 American Physical Society

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