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Negative Kerr Nonlinearity of Graphene as seen via Chirped-Pulse-Pumped Self-Phase Modulation

Nathalie Vermeulen1,*, David Castelló-Lurbe1, JinLuo Cheng1,2, Iwona Pasternak3, Aleksandra Krajewska3, Tymoteusz Ciuk3, Wlodek Strupinski3, Hugo Thienpont1, and Jürgen Van Erps1

  • 1Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
  • 2Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
  • 3Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland

  • *Corresponding author. nvermeul@b-phot.org
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Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 044006 – Published 13 October, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.044006

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a negative Kerr nonlinearity for quasiundoped graphene. Hereto, we introduce the method of chirped-pulse-pumped self-phase modulation and apply it to graphene-covered silicon waveguides at telecom wavelengths. The extracted Kerr-nonlinear index for graphene equals n2,gr=−10−13  m2/W. Whereas the sign of n2,gr turns out to be negative in contrast to what has been assumed so far, its magnitude is in correspondence with that observed in earlier experiments. Graphene’s negative Kerr nonlinearity strongly impacts how graphene should be exploited for enhancing the nonlinear response of photonic (integrated) devices exhibiting a positive nonlinearity. It also opens up the possibility of using graphene to annihilate unwanted nonlinear effects in such devices, to develop unexplored approaches for establishing Kerr processes, and to extend the scope of the “periodic poling” method often used for second-order nonlinearities towards third-order Kerr processes. Because of the generic nature of the chirped-pulse-pumped self-phase modulation method, it will allow fully characterizing the Kerr nonlinearity of essentially any novel (2D) material.

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References (28)

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Phys. Rev. Applied 6, 044006– Published 13 October, 2016
  • Received 6 May 2016

© 2016 American Physical Society

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