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Near-Field Integration of a SiN Nanobeam and a SiO2 Microcavity for Heisenberg-Limited Displacement Sensing

R. Schilling, H. Schütz, A. H. Ghadimi, V. Sudhir, D. J. Wilson, and T. J. Kippenberg*

  • Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

  • *Corresponding author. tobias.kippenberg@epfl.ch
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Phys. Rev. Applied 5, 054019 – Published 26 May, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.5.054019

Abstract

Placing a nanomechanical object in the evanescent near field of a high-Q optical microcavity gives access to strong gradient forces and quantum-limited displacement readout, offering an attractive platform for both precision sensing technology and basic quantum optics research. Robustly implementing this platform is challenging, however, as it requires integrating optically smooth surfaces separated by ≲λ/10. Here we describe an exceptionally high-cooperativity, single-chip optonanomechanical transducer based on a high-stress Si3N4 nanobeam monolithically integrated into the evanescent near field of SiO2 microdisk cavity. Employing a vertical integration technique based on planarized sacrificial layers, we realize beam-disk gaps as little as 25 nm while maintaining mechanical Qf>1012  Hz and intrinsic optical Q∼107. The combination of low loss, small gap, and parallel-plane geometry results in radio-frequency flexural modes with vacuum optomechanical coupling rates of 100 kHz, single-photon cooperativities in excess of unity, and large zero-point frequency (displacement) noise amplitudes of 10  kHz (fm)/√Hz. In conjunction with the high power-handling capacity of SiO2 and low extraneous substrate noise, the transducer performs particularly well as a sensor, with recent deployment in a 4-K cryostat realizing a displacement imprecision 40 dB below that at the standard quantum limit (SQL) and an imprecision-backaction product <5ℏ [Wilson et al., Nature (London) 524, 325 (2015)]. In this report, we provide a comprehensive description of device design, fabrication, and characterization, with an emphasis on extending Heisenberg-limited readout to room temperature. Towards this end, we describe a room-temperature experiment in which a displacement imprecision 32 dB below that at the SQL and an imprecision-backaction product <60ℏ is achieved. Our results extend the outlook for measurement-based quantum control of nanomechanical oscillators and suggest an alternative platform for functionally integrated “hybrid” quantum optomechanics.

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Synopsis

Position Detector Approaches the Heisenberg Limit

Published 26 May, 2016

The light field from a microcavity can be used to measure the displacement of a thin bar with an uncertainty that is close to the Heisenberg limit.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 5, 054019– Published 26 May, 2016
  • Received 29 January 2016
Article part of CHORUS

© 2016 American Physical Society

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