- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Transparent Gradient-Index Lens for Underwater Sound Based on Phase Advance

Theodore P. Martin*, Christina J. Naify, Elizabeth A. Skerritt, Christopher N. Layman, Michael Nicholas, David C. Calvo, and Gregory J. Orris

Daniel Torrent and José Sánchez-Dehesa

  • U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7160, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA

  • Department of Electronic Engineering, Wave Phenomena Group, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, C/ Camino de Vera s7n, E-46002 Valencia, Spain

  • *theodore.martin@nrl.navy.mil
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 4, 034003 – Published 15 September, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.034003

Abstract

Spatial gradients in a refractive index are used extensively in acoustic metamaterial applications to control wave propagation through phase delay. This study reports the design and experimental realization of an acoustic gradient-index lens using a sonic crystal lattice that is impedance matched to water over a broad bandwidth. In contrast to previous designs, the underlying lattice features refractive indices that are lower than the water background, which facilitates propagation control based on a phase advance as opposed to a delay. The index gradient is achieved by varying the filling fraction of hollow, air-filled aluminum tubes that individually exhibit a higher sound speed than water and matched impedance. Acoustic focusing is observed over a broad bandwidth of frequencies in the homogenization limit of the lattice, with intensity magnifications in excess of 7 dB. An anisotropic lattice design facilitates a flat-faceted geometry with low backscattering at 18 dB below the incident sound-pressure level. A three-dimensional Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integration that accounts for the anisotropic refraction is used to accurately predict the experimentally measured focal patterns.

View figure in article

Article Text

References (43)

  1. Christina J. Naify, Theodore P. Martin, Christopher N. Layman, Michael Nicholas, Abel L. Thangawng, David C. Calvo, and Gregory J. Orris, Underwater acoustic omnidirectional absorber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 073505 (2014).
  2. Rui-Qi Li, Xue-Feng Zhu, Bin Liang, Yong Li, Xin-Ye Zou, and Jian-Chun Cheng, A broadband acoustic omnidirectional absorber comprising positive-index materials, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 193507 (2011).
  3. Alfonso Climente, Daniel Torrent, and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Omnidirectional broadband acoustic absorber based on metamaterials, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 144103 (2012).
  4. Theodore P. Martin, Christopher N. Layman, Kimberly M. Moore, and Gregory J. Orris, Elastic shells with high-contrast material properties as acoustic metamaterial components, Phys. Rev. B 85, 161103 (2012).
  5. Alexey S. Titovich and Andrew N. Norris, Tunable cylindrical shell as an element in acoustic metamaterial, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136, 1601 (2014).
  6. Baile Zhang, Tucker Chan, and Bae-Ian Wu, Lateral Shift Makes a Ground-Plane Cloak Detectable, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 233903 (2010).
  7. Ming Yin, Xiao Yong Tian, Hao Xue Han, and Di Chen Li, Free-space carpet-cloak based on gradient index photonic crystals in metamaterial regime, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 124101 (2012).
  8. Daniel Torrent and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Acoustic metamaterials for new two-dimensional sonic devices, New J. Phys. 9, 323 (2007).
  9. Alfonso Climente, Daniel Torrent, and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Sound focusing by gradient index sonic lenses, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 104103 (2010).
  10. Theodore P. Martin, Michael Nicholas, Gregory J. Orris, Liang-Wu Cai, Daniel Torrent, and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Sonic gradient index lens for aqueous applications, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 113503 (2010).
  11. Shasha Peng, Zhaojian He, Han Jia, Anqi Zhang, Chunyin Qiu, Manzhu Ke, and Zhengyou Liu, Acoustic far-field focusing effect for two-dimensional graded negative refractive-index sonic crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 263502 (2010).
  12. Lorenzo Sanchis, Andrés Yánez, Pedro L. Galindo, Joaquín Pizarro, and Juan Martínez Pastor, Three-dimensional acoustic lenses with axial symmetry, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 054103 (2010).
  13. Lucian Zigoneanu, Bogdan-Ioan Popa, and Steven A. Cummer, Design and measurements of a broadband two-dimensional acoustic lens, Phys. Rev. B 84, 024305 (2011).
  14. Sz-Chin Steven Lin, Bernhard R. Tittmann, and Tony Jun Huang, Design of acoustic beam aperture modifier using gradient-index phononic crystals, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123510 (2012).
  15. T. M. Chang, G. Dupont, S. Enoch, and S. Guenneau, Enhanced control of light and sound trajectories with three-dimensional gradient index lenses, New J. Phys. 14, 035011 (2012).
  16. A.-C. Hladky-Hennion, J. O. Vasseur, G. Haw, C. Croënne, L. Haumesser, and A. N. Norris, Negative refraction of acoustic waves using a foam-like metallic structure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 144103 (2013).
  17. Chunyu Ren, Zhihai Xiang, and Zhangzhi Cen, Design of acoustic devices with isotropic material via conformal transformation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 044101 (2010).
  18. Christopher N. Layman, Theodore P. Martin, Kimberly M. Moore, David C. Calvo, and Gregory J. Orris, Designing acoustic transformation devices using fluid homogenization of an elastic substructure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 163503 (2011).
  19. Martin Maldovan, Sound and heat revolutions in phononics, Nature (London) 503, 209 (2013).
  20. Muamer Kadic, Tiemo Bückmann, Robert Schittny, and Martin Wegener, Metamaterials beyond electromagnetism, Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 126501 (2013).
  21. D. Torrent and J. Sánchez-Dehesa, Anisotropic mass density by two-dimensional acoustic metamaterials, New J. Phys. 10, 023004 (2008).
  22. Claudio G. Parazzoli, Benjamin E. C. Koltenbah, Robert B. Greegor, Tai A. Lam, and Minas H. Tanielian, Eikonal equation for a general anisotropic or chiral medium: Application to a negative-graded index-of-refraction lens with an anisotropic material, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 439 (2006).
  23. G. P. Ward, R. K. Lovelock, A. R. J. Murray, A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and J. D. Smith, Boundary-Layer Effects on Acoustic Transmission through Narrow Slit Cavities, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 044302 (2015).
  24. Matthew D. Guild, Victor M. García-Chocano, Weiwei Kan, and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Acoustic metamaterial absorbers based on multilayered sonic crystals, J. Appl. Phys. 117, 114902 (2015).
  25. Edgar Reyes-Ayona, Daniel Torrent, and José Sánchez-Dehesa, Homogenization theory for periodic distributions of elastic cylinders embedded in a viscous fluid, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 2896 (2012).
  26. Miguel Molerón, Marc Serra-Garcia, and Chiara Daraio, Acoustic fresnel lenses with extraordinary transmission, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 114109 (2014).
  27. Yong Li, Gaokun Yu, Bin Liang, Xinye Zou, Guangyun Li, Su Cheng, and Jianchun Cheng, Three-dimensional ultrathin planar lenses by acoustic metamaterials, Sci. Rep. 4, 6830 (2014).
  28. Yang Gao, Jianlong Liu, Xueru Zhang, Yuxiao Wang, Yinglin Song, Shutian Liu, and Yan Zhang, Analysis of focal-shift effect in planar metallic nanoslit lenses, Opt. Express 20, 1320 (2012).
  29. M. Born and E. Wolf, Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light, seventh ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1999).
  30. Chen Shen, Jun Xu, Nicholas X. Fang, and Yun Jing, Anisotropic Complementary Acoustic Metamaterial for Canceling out Aberrating Layers, Phys. Rev. X 4, 041033 (2014).
  31. M. Dubois, M. Farhat, E. Bossy, S. Enoch, S. Guenneau, and P. Sebbah, Flat lens for pulse focusing of elastic waves in thin plates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 071915 (2013).
  32. M. Dubois, E. Bossy, S. Enoch, S. Guenneau, G. Lerosey, and P. Sebbah, Time-Driven Superoscillations with Negative Refraction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 013902 (2015).
  33. W. E. Kock and F. K. Harvey, Refracting sound waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 21, 471 (1949).
  34. Zixian Liang and Jensen Li, Extreme Acoustic Metamaterial by Coiling up Space, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 114301 (2012).
  35. Yangbo Xie, Adam Konneker, Bogdan-Ioan Popa, and Steven A. Cummer, Tapered labyrinthine acoustic metamaterials for broadband impedance matching, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 201906 (2013).
  36. Tobias Frenzel, Jan David Brehm, Tiemo Bckmann, Robert Schittny, Muamer Kadic, and Martin Wegener, Three-dimensional labyrinthine acoustic metamaterials, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 061907 (2013).
  37. Andrey Bozhko, Victor M. García-Chocano, José Sánchez-Dehesa, and Arkadii Krokhin, Redirection of sound in straight fluid channel with elastic boundaries, Phys. Rev. B 91, 094303 (2015).
  38. C. García-Meca, S. Carloni, C. Barceló, G. Jannes, J. Sánchez-Dehesa, and A. Martínez, Transformational acoustic metamaterials based on pressure gradients, Phys. Rev. B 90, 024310 (2014).
  39. Steven A Cummer and David Schurig, One path to acoustic cloaking, New J. Phys. 9, 45 (2007).
  40. Huanyang Chen and C. T. Chan, Acoustic cloaking in three dimensions using acoustic metamaterials, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 183518 (2007).
  41. Steven A. Cummer, Bogdan-Ioan Popa, David Schurig, David R. Smith, John Pendry, Marco Rahm, and Anthony Starr, Scattering Theory Derivation of a 3D Acoustic Cloaking Shell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 024301 (2008).
  42. Matthew D. Guild, Michael R. Haberman, and Andrea Alù, Plasmonic-type acoustic cloak made of a bilaminate shell, Phys. Rev. B 86, 104302 (2012).
  43. Theodore P. Martin and Gregory J. Orris, Hybrid inertial method for broadband scattering reduction, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 033506 (2012).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 4, 034003– Published 15 September, 2015
  • Received 23 April 2015

© 2015 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation