- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Review Article
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barriers for digital superconducting electronics: A review

A. Mitrovic* and M. Bocko†

  • *Contact author: ana.mitrovic@rochester.edu
  • †Contact author: mark.bocko@rochester.edu
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 067001 – Published 2 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.067001

Abstract

Advances in superconducting electronics, a leading beyond-CMOS technology, are limited by challenges related to power delivery and low integration density. The integration of ferromagnetism and superconductivity offers a potential solution for these issues, as demonstrated in superconducting digital circuits employing Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barriers. In this review, the physics and dynamics of Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barriers are presented, and experimental demonstrations of different types of ferromagnet-based junctions are summarized. Additionally, the application of junctions with ferromagnetic barriers in single flux quantum and half flux quantum circuits is reviewed, showing improvements in integration density and power consumption.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (137)

  1. T. V. Filippov, A. Sahu, A. F. Kirichenko, I. V. Vernik, M. Dorojevets, C. L. Ayala, and O. A. Mukhanov, 20 GHz operation of an asynchronous wave-pipelined RSFQ arithmetic-logic unit, Phys. Procedia 36, 59 (2012).
  2. A. Fujimaki, M. Tanaka, T. Yamada, Y. Yamanashi, H. Park, and N. Yoshikawa, Bit-serial single flux quantum microprocessor core, IEICE Trans. Electron. 91, 342 (2008).
  3. A. Mitrovic and E. G. Friedman, Thermal exploration of RSFQ integrated circuits, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 32, 728 (2024).
  4. W. Chen, A. Rylyakov, V. Patel, J. Lukens, and K. Likharev, Rapid single flux quantum T-flip flop operating up to 770 GHz, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 9, 3212 (1999).
  5. R. Bairamkulov and G. De Micheli, Superconductive electronics: A 25-year review [feature], IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine 24, 16 (2024).
  6. IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS), Cryogenic electronics and quantum information processing (CEQIP) (2023), [Online]. Available: https://irds.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/2023/2023_IRDS_CEQIP.pdf.
  7. H. Cong, S. Razmkhah, M. A. Karamuftuoglu, and M. Pedram, Superconductor logic implementation with all-JJ inductor-free cell library, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 34, 1 (2024).
  8. I. I. Soloviev, V. I. Ruzhickiy, S. V. Bakurskiy, N. V. Klenov, M. Y. Kupriyanov, A. A. Golubov, O. V. Skryabina, and V. S. Stolyarov, Superconducting circuits without inductors based on bistable Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. Appl. 16, 014052 (2021).
  9. T. Kamiya, M. Tanaka, K. Sano, and A. Fujimaki, Energy/space-efficient rapid single-flux-quantum circuits by using π-shifted Josephson junctions, IEICE Trans. Electron. 101, 385 (2018).
  10. A. I. Buzdin, Proximity effects in superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 935 (2005).
  11. M. Eschrig, Spin-polarized supercurrents for spintronics: A review of current progress, Rep. Prog. Phys. 78, 104501 (2015).
  12. A. A. Golubov, M. Y. Kupriyanov, and E. Il’ichev, The current-phase relation in Josephson junctions, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 411 (2004).
  13. V. V. Ryazanov, V. A. Oboznov, A. Y. Rusanov, A. V. Veretennikov, A. A. Golubov, and J. Aarts, Coupling of two superconductors through a ferromagnet: Evidence for a π junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2427 (2001).
  14. J.-P. Cleuziou, W. Wernsdorfer, V. Bouchiat, T. Ondarçuhu, and M. Monthioux, Carbon nanotube superconducting quantum interference device, Nat. Nanotechnol. 1, 53 (2006).
  15. J. A. Van Dam, Y. V. Nazarov, E. P. Bakkers, S. De Franceschi, and L. P. Kouwenhoven, Supercurrent reversal in quantum dots, Nature 442, 667 (2006).
  16. J. Baselmans, A. Morpurgo, B. Van Wees, and T. Klapwijk, Reversing the direction of the supercurrent in a controllable Josephson junction, Nature 397, 43 (1999).
  17. J. Robinson, S. Piano, G. Burnell, C. Bell, and M. G. Blamire, Transport and magnetic properties of strong ferromagnetic π-junctions, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17, 641 (2007).
  18. O. M. Kapran, T. Golod, A. Iovan, A. Sidorenko, A. Golubov, and V. M. Krasnov, Crossover between short- and long-range proximity effects in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with Ni-based ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 103, 094509 (2021).
  19. B. Baek, M. L. Schneider, M. R. Pufall, and W. H. Rippard, Phase offsets in the critical-current oscillations of Josephson junctions based on Ni and Ni- (Ni81Fe19)xNby barriers, Phys. Rev. Appl. 7, 064013 (2017).
  20. J. Robinson, S. Piano, G. Burnell, C. Bell, and M. Blamire, Critical current oscillations in strong ferromagnetic π junctions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 177003 (2006).
  21. V. Shelukhin, A. Tsukernik, M. Karpovski, Y. Blum, K. B. Efetov, A. F. Volkov, T. Champel, M. Eschrig, T. Löfwander, G. Schön, and A. Palevski, Observation of periodic π-phase shifts in ferromagnet-superconductor multilayers, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 73, 174506 (2006).
  22. Y. Blum, A. Tsukernik, M. Karpovski, and A. Palevski, Oscillations of the superconducting critical current in Nb-Cu-Ni-Cu-Nb junctions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187004 (2002).
  23. I. M. Dayton, T. Sage, E. C. Gingrich, M. G. Loving, T. F. Ambrose, N. P. Siwak, S. Keebaugh, C. Kirby, D. L. Miller, A. Y. Herr, Q. P. Herr, and O. Naaman, Experimental demonstration of a Josephson magnetic memory cell with a programmable π-junction, IEEE Magn. Lett. 9, 1 (2018).
  24. B. Baek, W. H. Rippard, S. P. Benz, S. E. Russek, and P. D. Dresselhaus, Hybrid superconducting-magnetic memory device using competing order parameters, Nat. Commun. 5, 3888 (2014).
  25. A. Bannykh, J. Pfeiffer, V. Stolyarov, I. Batov, V. Ryazanov, and M. Weides, Josephson tunnel junctions with a strong ferromagnetic interlayer, Phys. Rev. B 79, 054501 (2009).
  26. S. K. Tolpygo, V. Bolkhovsky, R. Rastogi, S. Zarr, A. L. Day, E. Golden, T. J. Weir, A. Wynn, and L. M. Johnson, Planarized fabrication process with two layers of SIS Josephson junctions and integration of SIS and SFS π-junctions, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 29, 1 (2019).
  27. B. Baek, M. L. Schneider, M. R. Pufall, and W. H. Rippard, Anomalous supercurrent modulation in Josephson junctions with Ni-based barriers, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28, 1 (2018).
  28. F. Li, Y. Takeshita, M. Tanaka, and A. Fujimaki, Superconductor digital circuits with π junctions alone, Appl. Phys. Lett. 122, 162601 (2023).
  29. T. S. Khaire, W. Pratt Jr, and N. O. Birge, Critical current behavior in Josephson junctions with the weak ferromagnet PdNi, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 79, 094523 (2009).
  30. D. Pham, R. Sugimoto, K. Oba, Y. Takeshita, F. Li, M. Tanaka, T. Yamashita, and A. Fujimaki, Weak spin-flip scattering in Pd89Ni11 interlayer of NbN-based ferromagnetic Josephson junctions, Sci. Rep. 12, 6863 (2022).
  31. T. Kontos, M. Aprili, J. Lesueur, F. Genêt, B. Stephanidis, and R. Boursier, Josephson junction through a thin ferromagnetic layer: Negative coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 137007 (2002).
  32. M. J. A. Stoutimore, A. N. Rossolenko, V. V. Bolginov, V. A. Oboznov, A. Y. Rusanov, D. S. Baranov, N. Pugach, S. M. Frolov, V. V. Ryazanov, and D. J. Van Harlingen, Second-harmonic current-phase relation in Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barriers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 177702 (2018).
  33. S. M. Frolov, D. J. Van Harlingen, V. A. Oboznov, V. V. Bolginov, and V. V. Ryazanov, Measurement of the current-phase relation of superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor π Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 70, 144505 (2004).
  34. H. Sellier, C. Baraduc, F. m. c. Lefloch, and R. Calemczuk, Half-integer shapiro steps at the 0−π crossover of a ferromagnetic Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 257005 (2004).
  35. A. Buzdin, Peculiar properties of the Josephson junction at the transition from 0 to π state, Phys. Rev. B 72, 100501 (2005).
  36. J. Robinson, S. Piano, G. Burnell, C. Bell, and M. Blamire, Zero to π transition in superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor junctions, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 76, 094522 (2007).
  37. F. Li, L. Wu, L. Chen, S. Zhang, W. Peng, and Z. Wang, Measurement of the intrinsic higher harmonic current-phase relation in NbN/NiCu/NbN Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 99, 100506 (2019).
  38. G. A. Ovsyannikov, A. Sheyerman, A. V. Shadrin, Y. V. Kislinskii, K. Constantinian, and A. Kalabukhov, Triplet superconducting correlations in oxide heterostructures with a composite ferromagnetic interlayer, JETP Lett. 97, 145 (2013).
  39. A. Pal, Z. Barber, J. Robinson, and M. Blamire, Pure second harmonic current-phase relation in spin-filter Josephson junctions, Nat. Commun. 5, 3340 (2014).
  40. H. Sickinger, A. Lipman, M. Weides, R. G. Mints, H. Kohlstedt, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and E. Goldobin, Experimental evidence of a φ Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 107002 (2012).
  41. S. M. Frolov, D. J. Van Harlingen, V. V. Bolginov, V. A. Oboznov, V. V. Ryazanov, Josephson interferometry and Shapiro step measurements of superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor 0−π junctions, Phys. Rev. B 74, 020503 (2006).
  42. Y. Yao, R. Cai, S.-H. Yang, W. Xing, Y. Ma, M. Mori, Y. Ji, S. Maekawa, X.-C. Xie, and W. Han, Half-integer Shapiro steps in strong ferromagnetic Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 104, 104414 (2021).
  43. N. G. Pugach, M. Y. Kupriyanov, E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, A. S. Sidorenko, and C. Lacroix, in Fundamentals of Superconducting Nanoelectronics, edited by A. Sidorenko (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011), pp. 133–170.
  44. E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and A. Buzdin, Josephson junctions with second harmonic in the current-phase relation: Properties of φ junctions, Phys. Rev. B 76, 224523 (2007).
  45. A. Buzdin and A. E. Koshelev, Periodic alternating 0- and π-junction structures as realization of φ-Josephson junctions, Phys. Rev. B 67, 220504 (2003).
  46. R. G. Mints, Self-generated flux in Josephson junctions with alternating critical current density, Phys. Rev. B 57, R3221 (1998).
  47. B. D. Josephson, Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling, Phys. Lett. 1, 251 (1962).
  48. K. K. Likharev, Dynamics of Josephson Junctions and Circuits (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1986).
  49. E. A. Demler, G. Arnold, and M. Beasley, Superconducting proximity effects in magnetic metals, Phys. Rev. B 55, 15174 (1997).
  50. R. Kleiner and W. Buckel, Superconductivity: An Introduction (John Wiley & Sons, Weinheim, Germany, 2015).
  51. P. Gruszecki, C. Banerjee, M. Mruczkiewicz, O. Hellwig, A. Barman, and M. Krawczyk, in Solid State Physics, Vol. 72, edited by R. E. Camley and R. L. Stamps (Academic Press, New York, 2021), Chap. 2, pp. 29–82.
  52. A. Aharoni, Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000), Vol. 109.
  53. F. S. Bergeret, A. F. Volkov, and K. B. Efetov, Odd triplet superconductivity and related phenomena in superconductor-ferromagnet structures, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1321 (2005).
  54. S. Komori, A. Di Bernardo, A. I. Buzdin, M. G. Blamire, and J. W. Robinson, Magnetic exchange fields and domain wall superconductivity at an all-oxide superconductor-ferromagnet insulator interface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 077003 (2018).
  55. N. Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2009).
  56. N. G. Pugach, M. Y. Kupriyanov, A. V. Vedyayev, C. Lacroix, E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and A. Sidorenko, Ferromagnetic Josephson junctions with steplike interface transparency, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 80, 134516 (2009).
  57. S. Bakurskiy, N. Klenov, I. Soloviev, N. Pugach, M. Y. Kupriyanov, and A. Golubov, Protected 0-π states in SIsFS junctions for Josephson memory and logic, Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 082602 (2018).
  58. N. Ruppelt, H. Sickinger, R. Menditto, E. Goldobin, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, O. Vavra, and H. Kohlstedt, Observation of 0–π transition in SIsFS Josephson junctions, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 022602 (2015).
  59. C. Lambert and R. Raimondi, Phase-coherent transport in hybrid superconducting nanostructures, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 901 (1998).
  60. T. Schäpers, Superconductor/Semiconductor Junctions (Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2001), Vol. 174.
  61. B. Pannetier and H. Courtois, Andreev reflection and proximity effect, J. Low. Temp. Phys. 118, 599 (2000).
  62. H. Sellier, C. Baraduc, F. Lefloch, and R. Calemczuk, Temperature-induced crossover between 0 and π states in S/F/S junctions, Phys. Rev. B 68, 054531 (2003).
  63. D. Beckmann, in CFN Lectures on Functional Nanostructures - Volume 2: Nanoelectronics, edited by M. Vojta, C. Röthig, and G. Schön (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011), pp. 155–178.
  64. A. Kadigrobov, R. Shekhter, and M. Jonson, Quantum spin fluctuations as a source of long-range proximity effects in diffusive ferromagnet-super conductor structures, Europhys. Lett. 54, 394 (2001).
  65. H. Ness, I. A. Sadovskyy, A. E. Antipov, M. van Schilfgaarde, and R. M. Lutchyn, Supercurrent decay in ballistic magnetic Josephson junctions, Npj Comput. Mater. 8, 23 (2022).
  66. T. Kontos, M. Aprili, J. Lesueur, and X. Grison, Inhomogeneous superconductivity induced in a ferromagnet by proximity effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 304 (2001).
  67. F. Konschelle, J. Cayssol, and A. I. Buzdin, Nonsinusoidal current-phase relation in strongly ferromagnetic and moderately disordered SFS junctions, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 78, 134505 (2008).
  68. N. G. Pugach, E. Goldobin, R. Kleiner, and D. Koelle, Method for reliable realization of a φ Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. B 81, 104513 (2010).
  69. L. Trifunovic, Long-range superharmonic Josephson current, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 047001 (2011).
  70. B. Béri, J. N. Kupferschmidt, C. W. J. Beenakker, and P. W. Brouwer, Quantum limit of the triplet proximity effect in half-metal–superconductor junctions, Phys. Rev. B 79, 024517 (2009).
  71. V. Braude and Y. V. Nazarov, Fully developed triplet proximity effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 077003 (2007).
  72. L. Trifunovic, Z. Popović, and Z. Radović, Josephson effect and spin-triplet pairing correlations in SF1F2S junctions, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 84, 064511 (2011).
  73. J. Linder and J. W. Robinson, Superconducting spintronics, Nat. Phys. 11, 307 (2015).
  74. M. Eschrig, J. Kopu, J. Cuevas, and G. Schön, Theory of half-metal/superconductor heterostructures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137003 (2003).
  75. L. Trifunovic and Z. Radović, Long-range spin-triplet proximity effect in Josephson junctions with multilayered ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 82, 020505 (2010).
  76. A. F. Volkov and K. B. Efetov, Odd spin-triplet superconductivity in a multilayered superconductor-ferromagnet Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. B 81, 144522 (2010).
  77. M. Houzet and A. I. Buzdin, Long-range triplet Josephson effect through a ferromagnetic trilayer, Phys. Rev. B 76, 060504 (2007).
  78. D. Nikolić, M. Vanević, A. I. Buzdin, and Z. Radović, Interference phenomena in Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic bilayers: Spin-triplet correlations and resonances, Phys. Rev. B 106, 054513 (2022).
  79. A. Mel’Nikov, A. Samokhvalov, S. Kuznetsova, and A. I. Buzdin, Interference phenomena and long-range proximity effect in clean superconductor-ferromagnet systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 237006 (2012).
  80. C. Richard, M. Houzet, and J. S. Meyer, Superharmonic long-range triplet current in a diffusive Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 217004 (2013).
  81. A. Mitrovic and E. G. Friedman, Thermal modeling of rapid single flux quantum circuit structures, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 69, 2718 (2022).
  82. G. Krylov, T. Jabbari, and E. G. Friedman, Single Flux Quantum Integrated Circuit Design (Springer, Cham, 2024).
  83. A. M. Kadin, Introduction to Superconducting Circuits (Wiley, New York, 1999).
  84. A. Ustinov and V. Kaplunenko, Rapid single-flux quantum logic using π-shifters, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 5405 (2003).
  85. I. Salameh, E. G. Friedman, and S. Kvatinsky, Superconductive logic using 2ϕ–Josephson junctions with half flux quantum pulses, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 69, 2533 (2022).
  86. F. Li, Y. Takeshita, D. Hasegawa, M. Tanaka, T. Yamashita, and A. Fujimaki, Low-power high-speed half-flux-quantum circuits driven by low bias voltages, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 34, 025013 (2021).
  87. R. Gross and A. Marx, Applied Superconductivity; Josephson Effect and Superconducting Electronics (Walther-Meissner-Institut, Garching, 2005).
  88. B. Seeber, Handbook of Applied Superconductivity (CRC Press, New York, 2010), Vol. 2.
  89. M. Kemmler, M. Weides, M. Weiler, M. Opel, S. T. B. Goennenwein, A. S. Vasenko, A. A. Golubov, H. Kohlstedt, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and E. Goldobin, Magnetic interference patterns in 0−π superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet/superconductor Josephson junctions: Effects of asymmetry between 0 and π regions, Phys. Rev. B 81, 054522 (2010).
  90. S. Shapiro, Josephson currents in superconducting tunneling: The effect of microwaves and other observations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 80 (1963).
  91. A. Barone and G. Paterno, Physics and Applications of the Josephson Effect (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982).
  92. R. Kleiner, A. S. Katz, A. G. Sun, R. Summer, D. A. Gajewski, S. H. Han, S. I. Woods, E. Dantsker, B. Chen, K. Char, M. B. Maple, R. C. Dynes, and J. Clarke, Pair tunneling from c-axis YBa2Cu3O7−x to Pb: Evidence for s-wave component from microwave induced steps, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2161 (1996).
  93. A. V. Veretennikov, V. V. Ryazanov, V. A. Oboznov, A. Y. Rusanov, V. A. Larkin, and J. Aarts, Supercurrents through the superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor (SFS) junctions, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 284, 495 (2000).
  94. N. O. Birge and N. Satchell, Ferromagnetic materials for Josephson π junctions, APL Mater. 12, 041105 (2024).
  95. V. Bolginov, A. Rossolenko, A. Shkarin, V. Oboznov, and V. Ryazanov, Fabrication of optimized superconducting phase inverters based on superconductor–ferromagnet—superconductor π-junctions, J. Low Temp. Phys. 190, 302 (2018).
  96. L. Peng, Y.-S. Liu, C.-B. Cai, and J.-C. Zhang, Influence of magnetic scattering and interface transparency on superconductivity based on a ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructure, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28, 087401 (2011).
  97. T. Yamashita, Magnetic Josephson junctions: New phenomena and physics with diluted alloy, conventional ferromagnet, and multilayer barriers, IEICE Transactions on Electronics 104, 422 (2021).
  98. L. Bulaevskii, V. Kuzii, and A. Sobyanin, On possibility of the spontaneous magnetic flux in a Josephson junction containing magnetic impurities, Solid State Commun. 25, 1053 (1978).
  99. M. Weides, M. Kemmler, H. Kohlstedt, R. Waser, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and E. Goldobin, 0-π Josephson tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic barrier, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 247001 (2006).
  100. J. Pfeiffer, M. Kemmler, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, E. Goldobin, M. Weides, A. K. Feofanov, J. Lisenfeld, and A. V. Ustinov, Static and dynamic properties of 0, π, and 0 {-}π ferromagnetic Josephson tunnel junctions, Phys. Rev. B 77, 214506 (2008).
  101. K. Arai, N. Takeuchi, T. Yamashita, and N. Yoshikawa, Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron with π Josephson junctions, J. Appl. Phys. 125, 093901 (2019).
  102. I. Soloviev, G. Khismatullin, N. Klenov, and A. Schegolev, π junctions in adiabatic superconductor logic cells, J. Commun. Technol. Electron. 67, 1479 (2022).
  103. A. B. Kuklov, V. S. Boyko, and J. Malinsky, Instability in the current-biased 0-π Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. B 51, 11965 (1995).
  104. E. Terzioglu and M. Beasley, Complementary Josephson junction devices and circuits: A possible new approach to superconducting electronics, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 8, 48 (1998).
  105. M. I. Khabipov, D. V. Balashov, F. Maibaum, A. B. Zorin, V. A. Oboznov, V. V. Bolginov, A. N. Rossolenko, and V. V. Ryazanov, A single flux quantum circuit with a ferromagnet-based Josephson π-junction, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23, 045032 (2010).
  106. A. K. Feofanov, V. A. Oboznov, V. V. Bol’ginov, J. Lisenfeld, S. Poletto, V. V. Ryazanov, A. N. Rossolenko, M. Khabipov, D. Balashov, A. B. Zorin, P. N. Dmitriev, V. P. Koshelets, and A. V. Ustinov, Implementation of superconductor / ferromagnet / superconductor π-shifters in superconducting digital and quantum circuits, Nat. Phys. 6, 593 (2010).
  107. T. Ortlepp, Ariando, O. Mielke, C. J. M. Verwijs, K. F. K. Foo, A. Andreski, H. Rogalla, F. H. Uhlmann, and H. Hilgenkamp, RSFQ circuitry using intrinsic π-phase shifts, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17, 659 (2007).
  108. T. Ortlepp, Ariando, O. Mielke, C. Verwijs, K. Foo, H. Rogalla, F. Uhlmann, and H. Hilgenkamp, Flip-flopping fractional flux quanta, Science 312, 1495 (2006).
  109. H. Smilde, Ariando, D. H. Blank, H. Hilgenkamp, and H. Rogalla, π-SQUIDs based on Josephson contacts between high-Tc and low-Tc superconductors, Phys. Rev. B–Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 70, 024519 (2004).
  110. Y. Yamanashi, S. Nakaishi, A. Sugiyama, N. Takeuchi, and N. Yoshikawa, Design methodology of single-flux-quantum flip-flops composed of both 0- and π-shifted Josephson junctions, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 105003 (2018).
  111. Y. Yamanashi, S. Nakaishi, and N. Yoshikawa, Simulation of the margins in single flux quantum circuits containing π-shifted Josephson junctions, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 29, 1 (2019).
  112. T. Jabbari, M. Bocko, and E. G. Friedman, All-JJ logic based on bistable JJs, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 33, 1 (2023).
  113. E. Elmitwalli and S. Köse, Bistable Josephson junction-based true random number generator without inductors, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 70, 1615 (2023).
  114. A. A. Maksimovskaya, V. Ruzhickiy, N. V. Klenov, S. V. Bakurskiy, M. Y. Kupriyanov, and I. I. Soloviev, Phase logic based on π Josephson junctions, JETP Lett. 115, 735 (2022).
  115. D. Hasegawa, Y. Takeshita, F. Li, K. Sano, M. Tanaka, T. Yamashita, and A. Fujimaki, Demonstration of interface circuits between half- and single-flux-quantum circuits, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 31, 1 (2021).
  116. D. Hasegawa, Y. Takeshita, K. Sano, M. Tanaka, A. Fujimaki, and T. Yamashita, in IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (IEEE, Riverside, CA, USA, 2019), pp. 1–3.
  117. F. Li, D. Pham, Y. Takeshita, M. Higashi, T. Yamashita, M. Tanaka, and A. Fujimaki, Energy-efficient half-flux-quantum circuit aiming at milli-kelvin stage operation, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 36, 105006 (2023).
  118. A. Mitrovic and E. G. Friedman, Inductorless dynamic logic based on 2ϕ-Josephson junctions, (in submission).
  119. S. Razmkhah and M. Pedram, High-density superconductive logic circuits utilizing 0 and π Josephson junctions, Engineering Research Express 6, 015307 (2024).
  120. S. K. Tolpygo and V. K. Semenov, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1559 (IOP Publishing, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2020), p. 012002.
  121. D. Massarotti et al., A feasible path for the use of ferromagnetic Josephson junctions in quantum circuits: The ferro-transmon, Low Temp. Phys. 49, 794 (2023).
  122. S. Kim, L. V. Abdurakhimov, D. Pham, W. Qiu, H. Terai, S. Ashhab, S. Saito, T. Yamashita, and K. Semba, Superconducting flux qubit with ferromagnetic Josephson π-junction operating at zero magnetic field, Commun. Mater. 5, 216 (2024).
  123. V. V. Ryazanov, V. V. Bol’ginov, D. S. Sobanin, I. V. Vernik, S. K. Tolpygo, A. M. Kadin, and O. A. Mukhanov, Magnetic Josephson junction technology for digital and memory applications, Phys. Procedia 36, 35 (2012).
  124. I. Nevirkovets and O. Mukhanov, Electrically controlled hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet cell for high density cryogenic memory, Appl. Phys. Lett. 123, 072601 (2023).
  125. I. P. Nevirkovets and O. A. Mukhanov, Memory cell for high-density arrays based on a multiterminal superconducting-ferromagnetic device, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 034013 (2018).
  126. N. K. Katam, O. A. Mukhanov, and M. Pedram, Superconducting magnetic field programmable gate array, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28, 1 (2018).
  127. T. I. Larkin, V. V. Bol’ginov, V. S. Stolyarov, V. V. Ryazanov, I. V. Vernik, S. K. Tolpygo, and O. A. Mukhanov, Ferromagnetic Josephson switching device with high characteristic voltage, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 222601 (2012).
  128. L. Parlato, R. Caruso, A. Vettoliere, R. Satariano, H. G. Ahmad, A. Miano, D. Montemurro, D. Salvoni, G. Ausanio, F. Tafuri, G. P. Pepe, D. Massarotti, and C. Granata, Characterization of scalable Josephson memory element containing a strong ferromagnet, J. Appl. Phys. 127, 193901 (2020).
  129. P. K. Sharma and A. Pal, Shunt-free cryogenic memory using ferromagnetic insulator-based Josephson junctions, Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 052601 (2024).
  130. R. Caruso, D. Massarotti, A. Miano, V. V. Bolginov, A. B. Hamida, L. N. Karelina, G. Campagnano, I. V. Vernik, F. Tafuri, V. V. Ryazanov, O. A. Mukhanov, and G. P. Pepe, Properties of ferromagnetic Josephson junctions for memory applications, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28, 1 (2018).
  131. Y. Takeshita, F. Li, D. Hasegawa, K. Sano, M. Tanaka, T. Yamashita, and A. Fujimaki, High-speed memory driven by SFQ pulses based on 0-π SQUID, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 31, 1 (2021).
  132. E. Jué, M. R. Pufall, I. W. Haygood, W. H. Rippard, and M. L. Schneider, Perspectives on nanoclustered magnetic Josephson junctions as artificial synapses, Appl. Phys. Lett. 121, 240501 (2022).
  133. M. L. Schneider, C. A. Donnelly, S. E. Russek, B. Baek, M. R. Pufall, P. F. Hopkins, P. D. Dresselhaus, S. P. Benz, and W. H. Rippard, Ultralow power artificial synapses using nanotextured magnetic Josephson junctions, Sci. Adv. 4, e1701329 (2018).
  134. A. A. Maksimovskaya, V. I. Ruzhickiy, N. V. Klenov, A. E. Schegolev, S. V. Bakurskiy, I. I. Soloviev, and D. S. Yakovlev, All-Josephson junction logic cells and bio-inspired neuron based on 0-0-π junction inductorless blocks, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 193, 116074 (2025).
  135. B. M. Niedzielski, T. Bertus, J. A. Glick, R. Loloee, W. Pratt Jr, and N. O. Birge, Spin-valve Josephson junctions for cryogenic memory, Phys. Rev. B 97, 024517 (2018).
  136. E. Gingrich, B. M. Niedzielski, J. A. Glick, Y. Wang, D. Miller, R. Loloee, W. Pratt Jr, and N. O. Birge, Controllable 0–π Josephson junctions containing a ferromagnetic spin valve, Nat. Phys. 12, 564 (2016).
  137. S. E. Shafraniuk, I. P. Nevirkovets, and O. A. Mukhanov, Modeling computer memory based on ferromagnetic/superconductor multilayers, Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 064018 (2019).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 067001– Published 2 June, 2025
  • Received 25 February 2025
  • Revised 5 May 2025
  • Accepted 6 May 2025
Article part of CHORUS
Crossmark - Check for updates button

© 2025 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation