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Sensitivity and control of a six-axis fused-silica seismometer

Jiri Smetana*, Amit Singh Ubhi, Emilia Chick, Leonid Prokhorov, John Bryant, Artemiy Dmitriev, Alex Gill, Lari Koponen, and Denis Martynov

Haixing Miao

Alan V. Cumming and Giles Hammond

Valery Frolov

Richard Mittleman and Peter Fritchel

  • Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

  • Institute for Gravitational Wave Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom

  • *Contact author: gsmetana@star.sr.bham.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 024013 – Published 5 February, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.024013

Abstract

We present a pair of seismometers capable of measurement in all six axes of rigid motion. The vacuum-compatible devices implement compact interferometric displacement sensors to surpass the sensitivity of typical electrical-readout schemes. Together with the capability to subtract the sensitivity-limiting coupling of ground tilt into horizontal motion, our seismometers can widen the sensing band toward megahertz frequencies. This has notable applications across a range of fields requiring access to low-frequency signals, such as seismology and climate research. We particularly highlight their potential application in gravitational-wave observatories (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, LIGO) in improving their observation capability of intermediate-mass black holes (approximately 1000M⊙). The sensors are based on a near-monolithic fused-silica design consisting of a fused-silica mass and fiber, showing improved stability and robustness to tilt drifts, alignment, and control compared to all-metal or mixed metal-silica designs. We demonstrate tilt sensitivity that surpasses the best commercial alternatives in a significantly reduced footprint compared to our previous iterations of these sensors.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 024013– Published 5 February, 2025
  • Received 24 May 2024
  • Revised 14 October 2024
  • Accepted 19 December 2024
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