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Extraordinary magnetoresistance in high-quality graphene devices with daisy chains and Fermi-level pinning

Bowen Zhou1,*, Kenji Watanabe2, and Takashi Taniguchi3

  • *Contact author: nerozh@outlook.com
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Phys. Rev. Applied 22, 064046 – Published 12 December, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.22.064046

Abstract

We have studied daisy-chained extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) devices based on high-quality monolayer graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. The largest magnetoresistance achieved in our devices is 4.6 × 107%, the record for EMR devices to date. The magnetic field sensitivity dR/dB reaches 104 kΩ/T, exceeding the previous record set by encapsulated graphene by more than 300%, and is comparable with state-of-the-art graphene Hall sensors at cryogenic temperatures (4.2 K). We demonstrate that daisy-chaining multiple EMR devices is an alternative way to reach arbitrarily high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, and extremely small noise equivalent field for weak magnetic field detection. Finally, we show the evidence of metal contact–induced Fermi-level pinning in the sample and its influence on graphene properties, current distribution, and EMR performance. We highlight the EMR geometry as an interesting alternative to the Hall geometry for fundamental physics studies.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 22, 064046– Published 12 December, 2024
  • Received 28 May 2024
  • Revised 25 September 2024
  • Accepted 15 November 2024
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