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Evaluating Spintronics-Compatible Implementations of Ising Machines

Andrea Grimaldi1, Luciano Mazza2, Eleonora Raimondo1, Pietro Tullo2, Davi Rodrigues2, Kerem Y. Camsari3, Vincenza Crupi1, Mario Carpentieri2, Vito Puliafito2,* et al.

Giovanni Finocchio1,†

  • 1Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
  • 2Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
  • 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106, Santa Barbara, California, USA

  • *vito.puliafito@poliba.it
  • †gfinocchio@unime.it
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Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 024005 – Published 2 August, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024005

Abstract

The commercial and industrial demand for the solution of hard combinatorial optimization problems pushes forward the development of efficient solvers. One of them is the Ising machine, which can solve combinatorial problems mapped to Ising Hamiltonians. In particular, spintronic hardware implementations of Ising machines can be very efficient in terms of area and performance, and are relatively low cost considering the potential to create hybrid CMOS-spintronic technology. Here, we perform a comparison of oscillator-based and probabilistic paradigms of Ising machines on several hard max-cut instances, analyzing their scalability and performance at software level. We show that probabilistic Ising machines outperform oscillator-based Ising machines in terms of the number of iterations required to achieve the problem’s solution. Nevertheless, high-frequency spintronic oscillators with subnanosecond synchronization times could be very promising as ultrafast Ising machines. In addition, considering that a oscillator-based Ising machine acts better for max-cut problems because of the absence of the linear term in the Ising Hamiltonian, we introduce a procedure to encode max-3SAT to max cut. We foresee potential synergic interplays between the two paradigms.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 20, 024005– Published 2 August, 2023
  • Received 21 February 2023
  • Revised 10 June 2023
  • Accepted 7 July 2023
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