- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Generation of Tightly Focused Cylindrical Vector Beams with Dual-Channel Transmissive Metasurfaces

Jialin Feng1, Hongyu Shi, Dr.1,*, Jianjia Yi2, Anxue Zhang2, Shah Nawaz Burokur3, Juan Chen4, Xiaoming Chen4, and Zhuo Xu5

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 2School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 3LEME, UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, Ville d’Avray F92410, France
  • 4School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 5The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

  • *honyo.shi1987@gmail.com
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 044075 – Published 25 April, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.044075

Abstract

Tightly focusing cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) are widely used in diverse applications from particle trapping to high-resolution microscopy. Recently, planar metasurfaces have been proposed as promising alternatives to traditional bulky optical devices for tightly focused CVB generation. However, few metasurfaces allow the generation and independent phase control of different CVBs. In this paper, cascaded dual-channel transmissive metasurfaces that can be used to simultaneously generate different CVBs and independently control their phases are designed. The polarization and phase of the transmitted waves are controlled independently via only two geometric parameters. Under x- and y-polarized wave incidences, the radially polarized beam (RPB) and azimuthally polarized beam (APB) are generated by a first metasurface. In addition, a second metasurface is used to produce different focal fields in different focal planes under RPB and APB excitations. In such a proposed approach, the phase responses of the RPB and APB are distinct, which is significantly different from existing designs. A regular polygonlike focus and a lateral displacement of the focal spot are, respectively, realized in different focal planes at 7.8 GHz through different channels. Our approach improves the flexibility of focusing, allowing the generation of focal arrays at different locations within the same focal plane. Since the electromagnetic energy can be confined to a small specific zone in the microwave band, the proposed method can provide the basis for a number of important applications in the medical domain, such as the accurate hyperthermia treatment of large area tumors.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (43)

  1. Q. W. Zhan, Cylindrical vector beams from mathematical concepts to applications, Adv. Opt. Photonics 1, 1 (2009).
  2. D. G. Hall, Vector-beam solutions of Maxwell’s wave equation, Opt. Lett. 21, 911 (1996).
  3. G. Bautista, M. J. Huttunen, J. Mäkitalo, J. M. Kontio, J. Simonen, and M. Kauranen, Second-harmonic generation imaging of metal nano-objects with cylindrical vector beams, Nano Lett. 12, 63207 (2012).
  4. C. J. Min, Z. Shen, J. F. Shen, Y. Q. Zhang, H. Fang, G. H. Yuan, L. P. Du, S. W. Zhu, T. Lei, and X. C. Yuan, Focused plasmonic trapping of metallic particles, Nat. Commun. 4, 63207 (2013).
  5. M. Giovanni, A. N. Thien, L. Jonathan, A. N. Daniel, and R. A. Robert, Using the nonseparability of vector beams to encode information for optical communication, Opt. Lett. 40, 4887 (2015).
  6. J. R. Brian and C. T. Kimani, Optical trapping with π-phase cylindrical vector beams, New J. Phys. 12, 073012 (2010).
  7. H. F. Wang, L. P. Shi, B. Lukyanchuk, C. Sheppard, and C. T. Chong, Creation of a needle of longitudinally polarized light in vacuum using binary optics, Nat. Photonics 2, 501 (2008).
  8. L. W. Zhu, R. Yang, D. W. Zhang, J. J. Yu, and J. N. Chen, Dynamic three-dimensional multifocal spots in high numerical-aperture objectives, Opt. Express 25, 24756 (2017).
  9. X. L. Wang, B. W. Zhu, Y. X. Dong, S. Wang, Z. Q. Zhu, F. Bo, and X. P. Li, Generation of equilateral-polygon-like flat-top focus by tightly focusing radially polarized beams superposed with off-axis vortex arrays, Opt. Express 22, 26844 (2017).
  10. D. Pohl, Operation of a ruby laser in the purely transverse electric mode TE01, Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 266 (1972).
  11. S. Ngcobo, I. Litvin, L. Burger, and A. Forbes, A digital laser for on-demand laser modes, Nat. Commun. 4, 2289 (2013).
  12. P. Li, X. H. Fan, D. J. Wu, X. Y. Guo, Y. Li, S. Liu, and J. L. Zhao, Shaping vector fields in three dimensions by random Fourier phase-only encoding, Opt. Express 27, 30009 (2019).
  13. G. F. Wu, F. Wang, and Y. J. Cai, Generation and self-healing of a radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beam, Phys. Rev. A 89, 043807 (2014).
  14. Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings, Opt. Lett. 27, 285 (2002).
  15. H. Chen, J. J. Hao, B. F. Zhang, J. Xu, J. P. Ding, and H. T. Wang, Generation of vector beam with space-variant distribution of both polarization and phase, Opt. Lett. 36, 3179 (2011).
  16. N. F. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. F. Kats, J. Tetienne Aieta, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction, Science 334, 333 (2011).
  17. Z. M. Lin, X. W. Li, R. Z. Zhao, X. Song, Y. T. Wang, and L. L. Huang, High-efficiency Bessel beam array generation by Huygens metasurfaces, Nanophotonics 8, 1079 (2019).
  18. H. Y. Shi, L. Y. Wang, X. M. Chen, A. X. Zhang, and Z. Xu, Generation of a microwave beam with both orbital and spin angular momenta using a transparent metasurface, J. Appl. Phys. 126, 063108 (2019).
  19. G. X. Zheng, H. Muhlenbernd, M. Kenney, G. X. Li, T. Zentgraf, and S. Zhang, Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 308 (2015).
  20. H. X. Xu, G. W. Hu, L. Han, M. H. Jiang, Y. J. Huang, Y. Li, X. M. Yang, X. H. Ling, L. Z. Chen, J. L. Zhao, and C. W. Qiu, Chirality-assisted high-efficiency metasurfaces with independent control of phase, amplitude, and polarization, Adv. Opt. Mater. 4, 1801479 (2019).
  21. E. Arbabi, A. Arbabi, S. M. Kamali, Y. Horie, and A. Faraon, Multiwavelength polarization-insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules, Optica 3, 628 (2016).
  22. R. Z. Zhao, B. Sain, Q. S. Wei, C. C. Tang, X. W. Li, T. Weiss, L. L. Huang, Y. T. Wang, and T. Zentgraf, Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption, Light-Sci. Appl. 7, 9 (2018).
  23. J. Lin, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Antoniou, and F. Capasso, Nanostructured holograms for broadband manipulation of vector beams, Nano Lett. 13, 4269 (2018).
  24. J. T. Heiden, F. Ding, J. Linnet, Y. Q. Yang, J. Beermann, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, Gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces for broadband circular-to-linear polarization conversion and vector vortex beam generation, Adv. Opt. Mater. 7, 1801414 (2019).
  25. J. Han, Y. Intaravanne, A. Ma, R. X. Wang, S. T. Li, Z. C. Li, S. Q. Chen, J. Li, and X. Z. Chen, Optical metasurfaces for generation and superposition of optical ring vortex beams, Laser Photonics Rev. 14, 2000146 (2019).
  26. Y. J. Bao, J. C. Ni, and C. W. Qiu, A minimalist single-layer metasurface for arbitrary and full control of vector vortex beams, Adv. Mater. 32, 1905659 (2020).
  27. F. Y. Yue, D. D. Wen, J. T. Xin, B. D. Gerardot, J. Li, and X. Z. Chen, Vector vortex beam generation with a single plasmonic metasurfac, ACS Photonics 3, 1558 (2016).
  28. J. Y. Guo, X. K. Wang, J. W. He, H. Zhao, S. F. Feng, P. Han, J. S. Ye, W. F. Sun, G. H. Situ, and Y. Zhang, Generation of radial polarized Lorentz beam with single layer metasurface, Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1700925 (2018).
  29. Z. P. Zhuang, R. Chen, Z. B. Fan, X. N. Pang, and J. W. Dong, High focusing efficiency in subdiffraction focusing metalens, Nanophotonics 8, 1279 (2019).
  30. R. Z. Zuo, W. W. Liu, H. Cheng, S. Q. Chen, and J. G. Tian, Breaking the diffraction limit with radially polarized light based on dielectric metalenses, Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1800795 (2018).
  31. F. Zhang, H. L. Yu, J. W. Fang, M. Zhang, S. C. Chen, J. Wang, A. G. He, and J. Y. Chen, Efficient generation and tight focusing of radially polarized beam from linearly polarized beam with all-dielectric metasurface, Opt. Express 24, 6656 (2016).
  32. F. Ding, Y. T. Chen, Y. Q. Yang, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, Multifunctional metamirrors for broadband focused vector-beam generation, Adv. Opt. Mater. 7, 1900724 (2019).
  33. H. Y. Zheng, M. Z. He, Y. Zhou, I. I. Kravchenko, J. D. Caldwell, and J. G. Valentine, Compound meta-optics for complete and loss-less field control, ACS Nano 9, 15100 (2022).
  34. R. S. Xie, X. D. Bai, J. Liu, X. Wang, Y. N. Zheng, Z. Gu, H. L. Zhang, C. B. Jing, J. Ding, and J. H. Chu, Dual-channel geometric meta-holograms with complex-amplitude modulation based on bi-spectral single-substrate-layer meta-atoms, Opt. Express 30, 42850 (2022).
  35. P. Wust, B. Hildebrandt, Y. Sreenivasa, B. Rau, J. Gellermann, H. Riess, R. Felix, and P. M. Schlag, Hyperthermia in combined treatment of cancer, Lancet Oncol. 3, 487 (2002).
  36. O. Nielsen, M. Horsman, and J. Overgaard, A future for hyperthermia in cancer treatment, Eur. J. Cancer 37, 1587 (2001).
  37. Y. H. Tao and G. Wang, Conformal hyperthermia of superficial tumor with left-handed metamaterial lens applicator, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 59, 3525 (2012).
  38. M. Kowalski, B. Behnia, A. Webb, and J. M. Jin, Optimization of electromagnetic phased-arrays for hyperthermia via magnetic resonance temperature estimation, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49, 1229 (2002).
  39. C. Pfeiffer and A. Grbic, Controlling Vector Bessel Beams with Metasurfaces, Phys. Rev. Appl. 2, 044012 (2014).
  40. L. D. Shao, D. J. Zhang, J. Liu, J. Zhang, Z. F. Li, X. Wang, and W. R. Zhu, Single-layer noninterleaved metasurface for arbitrary vector beam conversion in triple bands, ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 4, 443 (2022).
  41. B. RICHARDS and E. WOLF, Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems, II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic syste, Proc. R. Soc. London, A 253, 358 (1959).
  42. S. S. Gong, T. Zhang, and M. J. Li, Achievement of regular-polygon-like focus through tightly focusing phase modulated radially polarized beam, Optik 242, 166865 (2021).
  43. M. Leutenegger, R. Rao, R. A. Leitgeb, and T. Lasser, Fast focus field calculations, Opt. Express 14, 11277 (2016).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 044075– Published 25 April, 2023
  • Received 15 December 2022
  • Revised 3 March 2023
  • Accepted 29 March 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button

© 2023 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation