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Semihard Iron-Based Permanent-Magnet Materials

Li Yin1,*, Rinkle Juneja1, Lucas Lindsay1, Tribhuwan Pandey2, and David S. Parker1

  • 1Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
  • 2Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, B2020, Antwerp, Belgium

  • *yinl@ornl.gov
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Phys. Rev. Applied 15, 024012 – Published 4 February, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.024012

Abstract

Permanent magnets generally require a favorable, but difficult-to-achieve combination of high magnetization, Curie point, and magnetic anisotropy. Thus there have been few, if any, viable permanent magnets developed since the 1982 discovery of Nd2Fe14B [M. Sagawa, S. Fujimura, H. Yamamoto, Y. Matsuura, and S. Hirosawa, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 4094 (1985)]. Here we point out, both by direct first-principles calculations on the iron carbides and silicides Fe5C2, Fe5SiC, and Fe7C3 as well as a discussion of recent experimental findings, that there are numerous rare-earth-free iron-rich potential permanent-magnet materials with sufficient intrinsic magnetic properties to reasonably achieve room-temperature energy products of 20–25 MG Oe. This is substantially better than the performance of the best available rare-earth-free magnets based on ferrite, as well as shape-anisotropy-employing alnico. These magnets could plausibly fill, at low cost, the present performance “gap” [J. M. D. Coey, Scr. Mater. 67, 524 (2012)] between the best rare-earth-free magnets and rare-earth magnets such as Nd2Fe14B and Sm−Co.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 15, 024012– Published 4 February, 2021
  • Received 24 August 2020
  • Revised 25 November 2020
  • Accepted 4 January 2021
Article part of CHORUS
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