- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Applied

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Understanding the Saturation Power of Josephson Parametric Amplifiers Made from SQUID Arrays

Luca Planat1, Rémy Dassonneville1, Javier Puertas Martínez1, Farshad Foroughi1, Olivier Buisson1, Wiebke Hasch-Guichard1, Cécile Naud1, R. Vijay2, Kater Murch3 et al.

Nicolas Roch1,*

  • 1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
  • 2Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
  • 3Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

  • *nicolas.roch@neel.cnrs.fr
PDF

Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 034014 – Published 6 March, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.034014

Abstract

We report on the implementation and detailed modeling of a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) made from an array of eighty superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), forming a nonlinear quarter-wave resonator. This device is fabricated using a very simple single-step fabrication process. It shows a large bandwidth (45 MHz), an operating frequency tunable between 5.9 and 6.8 GHz, and a large input saturation power (−117dBm) when biased to obtain 20 dB of gain. Despite the length of the SQUID array being comparable to the wavelength, we present a model based on an effective nonlinear LC series resonator that quantitatively describes these figures of merit without fitting parameters. Our work illustrates the advantage of using array-based JPA since a single-SQUID device showing the same bandwidth and resonant frequency would display a saturation power 15 dB lower.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (47)

  1. J. Y. Mutus, T. C. White, R. Barends, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, E. Jeffrey, J. Kelly, A. Megrant, C. Neill, P. J. J. O’Malley, P. Roushan, D. Sank, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, K. M. Sundqvist, A. N. Cleland, and J. M. Martinis, Strong environmental coupling in a Josephson parametric amplifier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 263513 (2014).
  2. T. Roy, S. Kundu, M. Chand, and A. M. Vadiraj, Broadband parametric amplification with impedance engineering: Beyond the gain-bandwidth product, Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 262601 (2015).
  3. T. Yamamoto, K. Inomata, M. Watanabe, K. Matsuba, T. Miyazaki, W. D. Oliver, Y. Nakamura, and J. S. Tsai, Flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 042510 (2008).
  4. N. Bergeal, F. Schackert, M. Metcalfe, R. Vijay, V. E. Manucharyan, L. Frunzio, D. E. Prober, R. J. Schoelkopf, S. M. Girvin, and M. H. Devoret, Phase-preserving amplification near the quantum limit with a Josephson ring modulator, Nature 465, 64 (2010).
  5. N. Roch, E. Flurin, F. Nguyen, and P. Morfin, Widely Tunable, Nondegenerate Three-Wave Mixing Microwave Device Operating Near the Quantum Limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 147701 (2012).
  6. J. Y. Mutus, T. C. White, E. Jeffrey, D. Sank, R. Barends, J. Bochmann, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, J. Kelly, A. Megrant, C. Neill, P. J. J. O’Malley, P. Roushan, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, I. Siddiqi, R. Vijay, A. N. Cleland, and J. M. Martinis, Design and characterization of a lumped element single-ended superconducting microwave parametric amplifier with on-chip flux bias line, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 122602 (2013).
  7. C. Eichler, Y. Salathe, J. Mlynek, S. Schmidt, and A. Wallraff, Quantum-Limited Amplification and Entanglement in Coupled Nonlinear Resonators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 110502 (2014).
  8. N. E. Frattini, U. Vool, S. Shankar, A. Narla, K. M. Sliwa, and M. H. Devoret, 3-Wave mixing Josephson dipole element, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 222603 (2017).
  9. B. Abdo, K. Sliwa, L. Frunzio, and M. Devoret, Directional Amplification with a Josephson Circuit, Phys. Rev. X 3, 031001 (2013).
  10. K. M. Sliwa, M. Hatridge, A. Narla, S. Shankar, L. Frunzio, R. J. Schoelkopf, and M. H. Devoret, Reconfigurable Josephson Circulator/Directional Amplifier, Phys. Rev. X 5, 041020 (2015).
  11. F. Lecocq, L. Ranzani, G. A. Peterson, K. Cicak, R. W. Simmonds, J. D. Teufel, and J. Aumentado, Nonreciprocal Microwave Signal Processing with a Field-Programmable Josephson Amplifier, Phys. Rev. Appl. 7, 024028 (2017).
  12. B. Abdo, F. Schackert, M. Hatridge, C. Rigetti, and M. Devoret, Josephson amplifier for qubit readout, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 162506 (2011).
  13. C. Eichler, Ph.D. thesis, School ETH Zurich, 2013.
  14. C. Eichler and A. Wallraff, Controlling the dynamic range of a Josephson parametric amplifier, EPJ Quantum Technol. 1, 2 (2014).
  15. X. Zhou, V. Schmitt, P. Bertet, D. Vion, W. Wustmann, V. Shumeiko, and D. Esteve, High-gain weakly nonlinear flux-modulated Josephson parametric amplifier using a SQUID array, Phys. Rev. B 89, 214517 (2014).
  16. A. W. Eddins, Ph.D. thesis, School University of California, Berkeley, 2017.
  17. G. Liu, T. C. Chien, X. Cao, O. Lanes, E. Alpern, D. Pekker, and M. Hatridge, Josephson parametric converter saturation and higher order effects, Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 202603 (2017).
  18. N. E. Frattini, V. V. Sivak, A. Lingenfelter, S. Shankar, and M. H. Devoret, Optimizing the Nonlinearity and Dissipation of a SNAIL Parametric Amplifier for Dynamic Range, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 054020 (2018).
  19. B. Yurke and E. Buks, Performance of cavity-parametric amplifiers, employing Keff nonlinearites, in the presence of two-photon loss, J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 5054 (2006).
  20. B. A. Kochetov and A. Fedorov, Higher-order nonlinear effects in a Josephson parametric amplifier, Phys. Rev. B 92, 224304 (2015).
  21. S. Boutin, D. M. Toyli, A. V. Venkatramani, A. W. Eddins, I. Siddiqi, and A. Blais, Effect of Higher-Order Nonlinearities on Amplification and Squeezing in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers, Phys. Rev. Appl. 8, 054030 (2017).
  22. B. Yurke, M. L. Roukes, R. Movshovich, and A. N. Pargellis, A low-noise series-array Josephson junction parametric amplifier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3078 (1996).
  23. M. A. Castellanos-Beltran, K. D. Irwin, G. C. Hilton, L. R. Vale, and K. W. Lehnert, Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial, Nat. Phys. 4, 928 (2008).
  24. P. Lähteenmäki, G. S. Paraoanu, J. Hassel, and P. J. Hakonen, Dynamical Casimir effect in a Josephson metamaterial, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 4234 (2013).
  25. V. Vesterinen, O.-P. Saira, I. Räisänen, M. Möttönen, L. Grönberg, J. Pekola, and J. Hassel, Lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier at 650 MHz for nano-calorimeter readout, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 085001 (2017).
  26. Y. Krupko, V. D. Nguyen, T. Weissl, E. Dumur, J. Puertas, R. Dassonneville, C. Naud, F. W. J. Hekking, D. M. Basko, O. Buisson, N. Roch, and W. Hasch-Guichard, Kerr nonlinearity in a superconducting Josephson metamaterial, Phys. Rev. B 98, 094516 (2018).
  27. R. Vijay, M. Devoret, and I. Siddiqi, Invited review article: The Josephson bifurcation amplifier, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 111101 (2009).
  28. E. A. Tholen, A. Ergul, E. M. Doherty, F. M. Weber, F. Gregis, and D. B. Haviland, Nonlinearities and parametric amplification in superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 253509 (2007).
  29. C. C. Chin, D. E. Oates, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, Nonlinear electrodynamics of superconducting NbN and Nb thin films at microwave frequencies, Phys. Rev. B 45, 4788 (1992).
  30. N. Maleeva, L. Grünhaupt, T. Klein, F. Levy-Bertrand, O. Dupré, M. Calvo, F. Valenti, P. Winkel, F. Friedrich, W. Wernsdorfer, A. V. Ustinov, H. Rotzinger, A. Monfardini, M. V. Fistul, and I. M. Pop, Circuit quantum electrodynamics of granular aluminum resonators, Nat. Commun. 9, 3889 (2018).
  31. J. Bourassa, F. Beaudoin, J. M. Gambetta, and A. Blais, Josephson-junction-embedded transmission-line resonators: From Kerr medium to in-line transmon, Phys. Rev. A 86, 013814 (2012).
  32. C. Eichler, C. Lang, J. M. Fink, J. Govenius, S. Filipp, and A. Wallraff, Observation of Entanglement between Itinerant Microwave Photons and a Superconducting Qubit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 240501 (2012).
  33. S. E. Nigg, H. Paik, B. Vlastakis, G. Kirchmair, and S. Shankar, Black-box superconducting circuit quantization, Phys. Rev. 108, 260 (2012).
  34. T. Weissl, B. Küng, E. Dumur, A. K. Feofanov, I. Matei, C. Naud, O. Buisson, F. W. J. Hekking, and W. Guichard, Kerr coefficients of plasma resonances in Josephson junction chains, Phys. Rev. B 92, 104508 (2015).
  35. T. Roy, M. Chand, A. Bhattacharjee, S. Hazra, S. Kundu, K. Damle, and R. Vijay, Multimode superconducting circuits for realizing strongly coupled multiqubit processor units, Phys. Rev. A 98, 052318 (2018).
  36. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering (John Wileyand Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005), 3rd ed.
  37. F. Lecocq, I. M. Pop, Z. Peng, I. Matei, T. Crozes, T. Fournier, C. Naud, W. Guichard, and O. Buisson, Junction fabrication by shadow evaporation without a suspended bridge, Nanotechnology 22, 315302 (2011).
  38. A. Fay, Ph.D. thesis, School Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, 2008.
  39. N. Masluk, I. Pop, A. Kamal, Z. Minev, and M. Devoret, Microwave Characterization of Josephson Junction Arrays: Implementing a Low Loss Superinductance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 137002 (2012).
  40. M. Hatridge, R. Vijay, D. H. Slichter, J. Clarke, and I. Siddiqi, Dispersive magnetometry with a quantum limited SQUID parametric amplifier, Phys. Rev. B 83, 134501 (2011).
  41. C. Macklin, K. O’Brien, D. Hover, M. Schwartz, V. Bolkhovsky, X. Zhang, W. Oliver, and I. Siddiqi, A near–quantum-limited Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier, Science 350, 307 (2015).
  42. T. White, J. Mutus, I.-C. Hoi, R. Barends, B. Campbell, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, and E. Jeffrey et al., Traveling wave parametric amplifier with Josephson junctions using minimal resonator phase matching, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 242601 (2015).
  43. M. Simoen, C. W. S. Chang, P. Krantz, J. Bylander, W. Wustmann, V. Shumeiko, P. Delsing, and C. M. Wilson, Characterization of a multimode coplanar waveguide parametric amplifier, J. Appl. Phys. 118, 154501 (2015).
  44. J. Koch, T. M. Yu, J. Gambetta, A. A. Houck, D. I. Schuster, J. Majer, A. Blais, M. H. Devoret, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf, Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box, Phys. Rev. A 76, 042319 (2007).
  45. Z. R. Lin, K. Inomata, W. D. Oliver, K. Koshino, Y. Nakamura, J. S. Tsai, and T. Yamamoto, Single-shot readout of a superconducting flux qubit with a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 132602 (2013).
  46. E. Dumur, Ph.D. thesis, School University Grenoble Alpes, 2015.
  47. C. M. Caves, Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers, Phys. Rev. D 26, 1817 (1982).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 034014– Published 6 March, 2019
  • Received 21 September 2018
  • Revised 17 December 2018
Crossmark - Check for updates button

© 2019 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation