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Ultrafast single-photon interference with a dipole qubit in a nanocavity

Athul S. Rema1, Adrián E. Rubio López1, and Felipe Herrera1,2,*

  • 1Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Victor Jara 3493, Santiago 9170124, Chile
  • 2Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Concepción 4030000, Chile

  • *Contact author: felipe.herrera.u@usach.cl
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Phys. Rev. A 114, 023723 – Published 24 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g2bb-b8m7

Abstract

The stationary spectrum of individual dipole emitters in plasmonic nanocavities has been studied for a range of cavity geometries and dipole configurations. Less is known about the coherent dynamics of single-photon creation in the nanocavity near field by an excited dipole. We address this gap by developing a Lorentzian kernel approximation that solves the time-dependent Schrödinger equation that describes the coupled dipole-photon dynamics in the single-excitation manifold. Our approach encodes the broadband nature of the nanocavity field through a non-Markovian memory kernel, derived from macroscopic QED theory. For a two-level dipole near a metallic nanosphere, we show that the single-photon probability density in frequency space evolves in strong coupling from an initially localized source at the qubit frequency into a Rabi doublet over a timescale governed by the kernel spectrum. This dynamical crossover is accompanied by the formation of single-photon interference patterns in frequency and time, propagating coherently over a timescale limited by the shape of kernel spectrum to ∼100–150 fs, which is accessible to ultrafast spectroscopy. We also show that the stationary spectrum of the coupled system can be manipulated by driving the nanocavity field using coherent pulses with variable spectral bandwidth. Using single-photon pulses narrower than the kernel spectrum, the Rabi splitting in a system that supports strong coupling can be effectively removed. The applicability of our results to other dipole-nanocavity configurations is discussed and a general strong coupling criterion for nanocavities is formulated.

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Phys. Rev. A 114, 023723– Published 24 August, 2026
  • Received 11 September 2025
  • Accepted 14 July 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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