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Bloch oscillations of a mobile impurity in a one-dimensional Bose gas
Phys. Rev. A 113, 043309 – Published 8 April, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bfcg-m2tw
Abstract
We study the motion of an impurity under the action of a constant force through a one-dimensional system of weakly interacting homogeneous bosons. The interplay of the impurity-boson interaction, the boson-boson interaction, and the driving force gives rise to a rich dynamics. We focus on the influence of a finite external force. Under these far-from-equilibrium conditions, we show that in a wide range of forces, one part of the momentum transferred to the system is periodically channeled into the Bose gas through the emission of dispersive density shock waves, solitons, density waves, and the creation of additional phase gradients. As a result, the impurity velocity does not increase indefinitely, but periodically oscillates in time around the drift velocity. We uncover and characterize different dynamical regimes in a wide range of the impurity-boson coupling, the impurity mass, and the external force. At a sufficiently large force, the Bloch oscillations cease and the impurity exhibits an unlimited acceleration.
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