- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review A

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Frustration in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate introduced by an optical lattice

Eli J. Halperin1, Shai Ronen2, and J. L. Bohn1

  • 1JILA, NIST, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
  • 2Cleerly Inc., 110 16th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, Colorado 80218, USA

PDF

Phys. Rev. A 107, L041301 – Published 17 April, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.L041301

Abstract

We study the application of a square perturbing lattice to the naturally forming hexagonal arrays of dipolar droplets in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. We find that the application of the lattice causes spontaneous pattern formation and leads to frustration in some regimes. For certain parameters, the ground state has neither the symmetry of the intrinsic hexagonal supersolid nor the symmetry of the square lattice. These results may give another axis on which to explore dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates and to probe the nature of supersolidity.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (27)

  1. A. P. Ramirez, Geometric frustration: Magic moments, Nature (London) 421, 483 (2003).
  2. G. H. Wannier, Antiferromagnetism. The triangular Ising net, Phys. Rev. 79, 357 (1950).
  3. J. Vannimenus and G. Toulouse, Theory of the frustration effect. II. Ising spins on a square lattice, J. Phys. C 10, L537 (1977).
  4. R. Islam, C. Senko, W. C. Campbell, S. Korenblit, J. Smith, A. Lee, E. E. Edwards, C. C. J. Wang, J. K. Freericks, and C. Monroe, Emergence and frustration of magnetism with variable-range interactions in a quantum simulator, Science 340, 583 (2013).
  5. J. Struck, C. Ölschläger, R. Le Targat, P. Soltan-Panahi, A. Eckardt, M. Lewenstein, P. Windpassinger, and K. Sengstock, Quantum simulation of frustrated classical magnetism in triangular optical lattices, Science 333, 996 (2011).
  6. M. Lu, N. Q. Burdick, S. H. Youn, and B. L. Lev, Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 190401 (2011).
  7. K. Aikawa, A. Frisch, M. Mark, S. Baier, A. Rietzler, R. Grimm, and F. Ferlaino, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Erbium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 210401 (2012).
  8. A. Griesmaier, J. Werner, S. Hensler, J. Stuhler, and T. Pfau, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Chromium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 160401 (2005).
  9. G. Natale, R. M. W. van Bijnen, A. Patscheider, D. Petter, M. J. Mark, L. Chomaz, and F. Ferlaino, Excitation Spectrum of a Trapped Dipolar Supersolid and Its Experimental Evidence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 050402 (2019).
  10. R. N. Bisset and P. B. Blakie, Crystallization of a dilute atomic dipolar condensate, Phys. Rev. A 92, 061603(R) (2015).
  11. L. Tanzi, E. Lucioni, F. Famà, J. Catani, A. Fioretti, C. Gabbanini, R. N. Bisset, L. Santos, and G. Modugno, Observation of a Dipolar Quantum Gas with Metastable Supersolid Properties, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 130405 (2019).
  12. M. A. Norcia, C. Politi, L. Klaus, E. Poli, M. Sohmen, M. J. Mark, R. N. Bisset, L. Santos, and F. Ferlaino, Two-dimensional supersolidity in a dipolar quantum gas, Nature (London) 596, 357 (2021).
  13. F. Böttcher, J.-N. Schmidt, M. Wenzel, J. Hertkorn, M. Guo, T. Langen, and T. Pfau, Transient Supersolid Properties in an Array of Dipolar Quantum Droplets, Phys. Rev. X 9, 011051 (2019).
  14. I. Ferrier-Barbut, H. Kadau, M. Schmitt, M. Wenzel, and T. Pfau, Observation of Quantum Droplets in a Strongly Dipolar Bose Gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 215301 (2016).
  15. G. V. Chester, Speculations on Bose-Einstein condensation and quantum crystals, Phys. Rev. A 2, 256 (1970).
  16. J. Hertkorn, J.-N. Schmidt, M. Guo, F. Böttcher, K. S. H. Ng, S. D. Graham, P. Uerlings, T. Langen, M. Zwierlein, and T. Pfau, Pattern formation in quantum ferrofluids: From supersolids to superglasses, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 033125 (2021).
  17. S. Halder, K. Mukherjee, S. I. Mistakidis, S. Das, P. G. Kevrekidis, P. K. Panigrahi, S. Majumder, and H. R. Sadeghpour, Control of Dy164 Bose-Einstein condensate phases and dynamics with dipolar anisotropy, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 043124 (2022).
  18. F. Dalfovo, S. Giorgini, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 463 (1999).
  19. A. R. P. Lima and A. Pelster, Quantum fluctuations in dipolar Bose gases, Phys. Rev. A 84, 041604(R) (2011).
  20. D. Baillie, R. M. Wilson, R. N. Bisset, and P. B. Blakie, Self-bound dipolar droplet: A localized matter wave in free space, Phys. Rev. A 94, 021602(R) (2016).
  21. K. Huang and Chen N. Yang, Quantum-mechanical many-body problem with hard-sphere interaction, Phys. Rev. 105, 767 (1957).
  22. T. D. Lee, K. Huang, and C. N. Yang, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a Bose system of hard spheres and its low-temperature properties, Phys. Rev. 106, 1135 (1957).
  23. D. C. Liu and J. Nocedal, On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization, Math. Program. 45, 503 (1989).
  24. S. Ronen, D. C. E. Bortolotti, and J. L. Bohn, Radial and Angular Rotons in Trapped Dipolar Gases, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 030406 (2007).
  25. K. Perlin, An image synthesizer, SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 19, 287 (1985).
  26. W. Bao and Y. Cai, Mathematical theory and numerical methods for Bose-Einstein condensation, Kinet. Relat. Models 6, 1 (2013).
  27. Luis E. Young-S. and S. K. Adhikari, Supersolidlike square-and honeycomb-lattice crystallization of droplets in a dipolar condensate, Phys. Rev. A 105, 033311 (2022).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. A 107, L041301– Published 17 April, 2023
  • Received 2 February 2023
  • Accepted 7 April 2023
Article part of CHORUS
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2023 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation